科技下乡的社会基础——以Y省J村柑橘品种改造过程为例

The Social Foundation of Technology Going to the Countryside:Take the Transformation Process of Citrus Variety of J Village in Y Province as An Example

科技下乡对促进中国农村科技现代化具有重要影响。在以往的研究中,农民对科技的接受被视为一种被动现象;对农民主动现代化现象的分析,虽然看到政府与农民主动“合谋”的一面,但却忽视了农民接受现代化科学技术背后的社会基础。对Y省J村柑橘品种改造过程的研究表明,在科技下乡过程中,地方政府向农民推广新品种,除了看到农民的主动因素,还必须将推广新品种与农村农民精英带头、本土资源有效利用以及亲情伦理支持等社会基础有效结合起来。由此,科技下乡才能获得成功。而农民实践性的学习范式,传统、现代的非本质区分以及亲情伦理的继续存在,是地方性社会基础得以介入的主要原因。科技下乡要获得进一步成功,还必须改变下乡科技人员的知识传播态度,尊重、提炼与利用各种乡土社会的机制。

Technology going to the countryside plays an important role in promoting the modernization of science and technology in China s rural areas.In previous studies,farmers acceptance of technology was regarded as a passive phenomenon.The research on the phenomenon of farmers active modernization,although seeing the government s active“collusion”with farmers,has neglected the social foundation behind farmers acceptance of modern science and technology.The research on the transformation process of orange varieties in J village of YProvince shows that in the process of technology going to the countryside,the local government wants to change the situation that the peasants do not refuse but no one responds to,not only to see their active acceptance,but also to effectively combine the dissemination of technological knowledge with the social foundation of the countryside.These social foundations include the leading role of rural peasant elites,the effective use of local resources,and family ethics support.As a result,the expected success of technology can be achieved in the countryside.Behind the implementation of the above mechanism,there are three main reasons for the intervention of local social foundation.They include the practical learning paradigm of farmers,the traditional and modern non-essential distinction and the continued existence of family ethics.For further success in technology going to the countryside,it is also necessary to change the knowledge dissemination attitude of the scientific and technological personnel in the countryside,and respect,refine and exert various favorable local social mechanisms.Therefore,the process of technology going to the countryside can be more perfect.