外泌体在血液肿瘤免疫微环境中的作用研究进展

Research Advance of Exosomes in the Immune Microenvironment of Hematological Malignancies——Review

外泌体(exosomes)是多种细胞在正常及病理状态下均能分泌的微小囊泡,包含丰富的蛋白质、miRNA以及RNA等。外泌体在细胞间通信,特别是在非接触性的细胞远程调控中发挥着重要作用。血液肿瘤细胞和免疫微环境的相互作用离不开外泌体的参与,在肿瘤细胞、NK细胞、T细胞、基质细胞和内皮细胞之间的相互作用都涉及到外泌体,如促进血液肿瘤细胞的增殖,帮助血液肿瘤细胞实现免疫逃避,促进血管生成及肿瘤细胞的迁移等。因此,外泌体与血液肿瘤的诊断、治疗及预后密切相关。本文着重阐述外泌体在血液肿瘤免疫微环境中所扮演的重要角色及外泌体在临床中应用的最新研究进展作一综述。

Exosomes are microvesicles that can be secreting in many kinds of cells,under the condition of normal and pathology.Exosomes contain abundant proteins,miRNAs and RNA fragments,which play an important role in communicating between cells,especially non-contact cells.The interaction between blood tumor cells and immune microenvironment is inseparable from the involvement of exosomes.Exosomes are involved in the interaction among tumor cells,NK cells,T cells,stromal cells and endothelial cells,such as promoting the proliferation of blood tumor cells,helping blood tumor cells to achieve immune evasion,promoting angiogenesis and migration of tumor cells.Therefore,exosomes are closely related to the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of hematological tumors.In this review,the basic characteristics of exosomes,the important role of exosomes in the immune microenvironment of hematological tumors,and the research progress of exosomes in clinical applications was sammrized briefly.