德国历史建筑保护与活化利用的经验启示

Experience and Inspiration of Protection and Utilization of Historic Buildings in Germany

基于实地考察案例,对德国历史建筑保护利用情况进行了概要介绍,以管中窥豹的形式,总结了德国历史建筑保护工作的特点,提炼出理念、方法、技术等方面值得借鉴的经验,包括:活化以适用性为导向;尊重历史建筑建材的自然代谢;重视历史建筑的能耗性能改良;保护更新中高度关注对细节的处理;注重反哺效益的最大化与公平性。由此认为,至少在5个方面能给中国历史建筑保护与活化工作带来启示:一是开拓理念、活化思想,树立动态发展的历史建筑保护活化观;二是着眼历史,面向未来,需要进一步加强对建档工作的重视;三是重视技术,科学更新,在文化可持续的同时兼顾能源可持续;四是加强引导,注重细节,让细节成为连接文化裂痕的缝合剂;五是多管齐下,激励公众,逐步推进全民共建历史建筑保护工作、共享活化利用成果的局面。

Based on literature review and on-the-spot investigation cases,this paper briefly introduces the protection and utilization of historical buildings in Germany,summarizes characteristics extracts experience that worth learning including:Regeneration with flexibility guidance;Respect for the natural metabolism of historical building materials;Importance of energy performance improvement of historical buildings;close attention to the details of protection and renewal;Maximum protection-benefits for society.Therefore,it is proposed that it can at least bring us enlightenment in many aspects:first,to form the sustainable development idea of historical buildings protection;second,pay more attention to the importance of basic archives work;third,consider the energy sustainability;fourth,play a more important role in details;fifth,provide multidimensional ways of public intervention in protection.