优化管理对设施辣椒养分吸收·品质和经济效益的影响

Effects of Optimal Management on Nutrient Absorption,Quality and Economic Benefits in Greenhouse Pepper

为探明不同优化管理模式对设施辣椒养分吸收、品质和经济效益的影响。通过田间试验,设置了农户习惯管理(FP)、农民习惯管理+土壤改良(OPT1)、农民习惯管理+土壤改良+优化群体(OPT2)和土壤改良+优化群体+水肥优化处理(OPT3)4个处理,主要研究了辣椒干物质累积、养分吸收、辣椒素、V C、产量和经济效益等对不同优化管理模式的响应。结果表明,FP和OPT1之间各指标的差异不显著。与FP相比,OPT2处理辣椒的地上部干物质积累、氮、磷和钾吸收量分别增加了14.1%、16.8%、11.4%和15.5%,OPT3处理辣椒的地上部干物质积累、氮、磷和钾吸收量分别增加了22.3%、28.5%、25.2%和21.8%,优化水肥管理可提高辣椒的品质,OPT3处理的辣椒素和V C含量较农户习惯分别显著增加了19.9%和22.7%。OPT3处理辣椒的平均产量最高,达48556 kg/hm 2,平均纯收益为459134元/hm 2。因此,集成土壤改良、群体密度优化和全生育期养分调控的优化管理模式能够提高设施辣椒的干物质积累、养分吸收和品质,促进农民增产增收。

The effects of different optimal management models on nutrient absorption,quality and economic benefits in greenhouse pepper were investigated.Three different optimal management models and a control were used in this experiment including farmers’fertilizer practice(FP),optimizing the soil management based on FP(OPT1),optimizing crop population based on OPT1(OPT2),optimizing water and nutrient management based on OPT2(OPT3).The pepper dry matter accumulation and its nutrient absorption,the content of capsaicin and vitamin C,yield and economic benefits were determined.The results showed that there was no significant difference between FP and OPT1.Compared with FP treatment,the above-ground dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption of pepper treated with OPT2 significantly increased by 14.1%,16.8%,11.4%and 15.5%,respectively.The above-ground dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption of pepper treated with OPT3 significantly increased by 22.3%,28.5%,25.2%and 21.8%,respectively as compared with FP treatment.The content of capsaicin and vitamin C treated with OPT3 significantly increased by 19.9%and 22.7%,respectively.The average yield of pepper treated with OPT3 was the highest,reaching 48556 kg/hm 2,with an average net profit of 459134 yuan/hm 2.The integrated techniques of soil improvement,optimizing crop population and optimizing water and nutrient management can improve the dry matter accumulation,nutrient absorption and quality of greenhouse pepper,and promote the increase of farmers’production and income.