不同施肥和土壤疏松方式对夏玉米田主要病虫害发生的影响

Effect of Different Fertilizations and Soil-loosening Methods on the Occurrences of Main Diseases and Pest Insects of Summer Maize

系统调查了微蜜、木醋液、黄腐酸钾、秸秆腐熟剂、松土促根剂、耕地方式、牛粪、生物炭等处理的夏玉米田地上部分病虫害的发生状况。结果表明,玉米6~9叶期叶面喷施微蜜会加重亚洲玉米螟的为害,BYM秸秆腐熟剂、Agri-star松土促根剂或者二者的混合处理能抑制玉米锈病的发生,凡是含有Agri-star松土促根剂的处理还能抑制玉米纹枯病的发生。BYM秸秆腐熟剂的应用会显著加重玉米小斑病的发生,而Agri-star松土促根剂能够拮抗这种负面作用。耕作方式(深耕、旋耕)、有机替代措施(不替代、替代牛粪、替代生物炭)对玉米田地上部分的病虫害均无显著影响。因此,微蜜喷施后的玉米田必须加强亚洲玉米螟的测报和防治;生产实践中可以结合使用松土促根剂和BYM秸秆腐熟剂,以便在改善土壤结构的同时兼顾病虫害防治方面的问题。

The paper investigated the occurrences of the above-ground diseases and pest insects in summer maize fields treated with Weimi(carbon absorbing polyglutamic acid organic water soluble fertilizer),wood vinegar,potassium flatate,straw decomposition agent,soil root promoter,tillages,cow manure,and biochar.Spraying with Weimi at 6-9 leaf stage on maize leaves could aggravate the damage of Ostriniafurnacalis.BYM straw decomposition agent,Agri-star soil root promoter as well as their binary blend could inhibit the occurrence of maize rust.The treatments contained Agri-star soil root promoter could also inhibit the occurrence of maize sheath disease.BYM straw decomposition agent could aggravate the occurrence of Southern maize leaf blight,but Agri-star soil root promoter could antagonize this negative effect.Different tillage methods(deep tillage and rotary tillage)and partial organic substitutions(none,cow manure substitution,and biochar substitution)did not significantly affect the occurrences of any diseases or pest insects in maize fields.In summary,population monitoring and control of O.furnacalis should be highlighted in the maize fields sprayed with Weimi,and the combination of BYM straw decomposition agent and Agri-star soil root promoter is recommended in practice in order to optimize the structure of soil in parallel with controlling maize diseases and pest insects.