西安市某传染病医院护士工作压力及职业倦怠调查分析

Investigation and analysis of nurses'work stress and job burnout in an infectious disease hospital in Xi'an

目的了解西安市某传染病医院护士工作的主要压力源及职业倦怠现状,探讨工作压力与职业倦怠的关系及职业倦怠的影响因素,为采取有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法对西安市某传染病医院144名临床护士进行问卷调查,包括一般资料问卷、护士工作压力源量表、护士职业倦怠量表。统计护士的工作压力及职业倦怠得分,并分析护士职业倦怠与工作压力源的相关性。结果传染病医院护士职业倦怠的检出率为100.00%。被调查的144名传染病医院护士的压力得分为(2.34±0.53)分,处于中度压力水平。工作量及时间分配问题位于护士工作压力源的首位。科室、是否参加专科培训、是否参加沟通培训、是否被投诉对情绪耗竭得分有影响(P<0.05);参加沟通培训的护士去人格化得分低于未参加的(P<0.05);参加专科培训和未被投诉的护士的个人成就感得分高于未参加专科培训和被投诉的护士(P<0.05)。护士工作压力源的五个维度与情感耗竭和去人格化维度呈正相关,与个人成就感呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论传染病医院护士的职业倦怠状况不容乐观,建议护理管理者关注护士职业倦怠的高检出率及工作压力现状,积极采取有效措施,减少职业倦怠的发生,促进护士的身心健康。

Objective To investigate the main stressors and job burnout status of nurses in an infectious disease hospital in Xi'an,explore the relationship between job stress and job burnout and the influencing factors of job burnout,so as to provide theoretical basis for taking effective intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 144 clinical nurses in the infectious disease hospital of Xi'an.The questionnaire included a general information questionnaire,a nurse work stressors scale and a nurse job burnout scale.The scores of work stress and job burnout of nurses were counted,and the correlation between job burnout and job stressors was analyzed.Results The detection rate of job burnout of nurses in the infectious disease hospital was 100.00%.The stress score of 144 nurses investigated in infectious disease hospital was(2.34±0.53)points,which was in moderate stress level.Workload and time allocation placed the first place of nurses'work stressors.Department,whether to participate in specialized training,whether to participate in communication training and whether to be complained had influence on the score of emotional exhaustion(P<0.05);the depersonalization score of nurses who participated in communication training was lower than that of nurses who did not participate(P<0.05);the scores of personal accomplishment of nurses who participated in specialized training and were not complained were higher than those of nurses who did not attend specialized training and were complained(P<0.05).The five dimensions of nurses'job stressors were positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,and negatively correlated with personal accomplishment(P<0.05).Conclusion The job burnout of nurses in this infectious disease hospital is not optimistic.It is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to the high detection rate of nurses'job burnout and the status of work stress,and actively take effective measures to reduce the occurrence of job burnout and promote the physical and mental health of nurses.