生态政策视阈下的边境牧民生计与适应策略——基于东乌珠穆沁旗的调查研究

Livelihood and Adaptive Strategies of Herdsmen from the Perspective of Ecological Policy:Based on the Investigation and Research of East Wuzhu Muqin Banner

通过对东乌珠穆沁旗草原生态及牧民生计的田野调查发现,生态政策执行期间,大多数牧民采取消极观望态度,被动保护环境,同时以主动求变的家庭策略积极寻求发展,而牧民多样化的适应策略又反作用于草原生态,弱化了环境政策的执行效力。研究表明,生态政策的执行,应重视边境牧区的特殊性和复杂性,关注地方社会的发展诉求,重塑牧民在牧区振兴中的主体性和主动性。

Through the field investigation of grassland ecology and herdsmen livelihood in East Ujimqin Banner,we find that during the implementation of the ecological policy,most herdsmen take a passive wait-and-see attitude,passively protect the environment,at the same time,family strategies are also actively seeking change and development,the diversified adaptive strategies of herdsmen react on grassland ecology and weaken the implementation effect of environmental policies.Research shows that the implementation of ecological policy should pay attention to the particularity and complexity of Border pastoral areas,and focus on the development appeal of local society,and remodel the herdsmen's subjectivity and initiative in the revitalization of pastoral areas.