《回疆风土记》中的清代回部风俗研究

A Research of the Folklore of the Hui Bu in Qing Dynasty in the“Hui Jiang Feng tu Ji”

《西域闻见录》是清乾隆朝中期记录西域民族社会状况的重要资料,其中卷七《回疆风土记》描述了清代回部居民的各项风俗,具有很高的民族志价值。文章综合运用历史学、人类学研究方法,依据日常生活中的基本活动、交往活动、观念活动三个层次,将这些风俗分类呈现,并结合相关汉文和其他语种的汉译文献,考察出作者七十一的记载基本属实,但也有不尽准确之处,需依据不同层次分别判断。通过对它们的批判性分析,可以更为立体地掌握清代回部居民在衣、食、住、行、婚、丧、节庆、民间信仰、圣墓朝拜等各方面的情况,将研究深入到当地普通人的日常生活中。

Xiyu Wenjian Lu is one of the most important historical materials which contains the ethnical and social conditions in Xiyu.In its seventh chapter“Huijiang Fengtu Ji”,the author Qishiyi described the folklore of the local residents,which shows a great ethnographical meaning today.This paper uses both historical and anthropological methods to reinterpret this text.By using the idea of alltagliche lebenswel(everyday life)and dividing it intoactivities of basic needs,communications and concepts,we made a new classification to represent Qishiyi’s records of the folklore.With a comparative work of the“Huijiang Fengtu Ji”and other historical materials which was written in Chinese and minority languages of China,we found that most of the content was based on the field observation and reliable.But there were still some parts not accurate enough and should be critically treated in the different part of everyday life.Through this study,we could finally get more aspects of the Uyghurs’folklore in Qing dynasty including diets,costumes,dwellings,vehicles,weddings,funerals,festivals,folk religions and other religious practices,which may lead our historical research spill over into the ordinary people’s daily life.