小苍兰新株系红玉的选育

Breeding a New Variety of Freesia,Red Jade

【目的】选育花色新、适应性好、耐逆性强的小苍兰新品种,优化小苍兰品种结构,满足消费者对新花色小苍兰品种的需求。【方法】2006年3月,以荷兰引进的红色品种Red Lion为母本,以紫色品种Royal Blue为父本进行杂交,2007年3月优选出紫红色目标杂交F1单株R1B1-1,2008–2012年经多代无性系筛选、扩繁,性状稳定,定名为红玉;2013–2015年红玉与双亲进行品比试验,2016年SRAP分子鉴定证实红玉为其父母本的真实杂交后代,2017–2019年红玉进行多点试验。【结果】选育出小苍兰新株系红玉(Freesia hybrida‘Red Jade’),该株系在福州、福清、政和等地9月下旬至10月上旬种植,翌年2月下旬至3月上旬开花,花期30~40 d;花被片上表面为紫红色(RHS:N74A),花喉部上表面为黄色(RHS:14A);平均叶长41.8 cm、花茎长41.3 cm、花茎粗4.9 mm、分枝数3.9个、主花序长7.2 cm、主花序小花数8.9朵、花径3.9 cm、繁殖系数6.7;适应性好,耐逆性强,适宜在福建无霜冻及具有相似气候条件的地区推广种植。【结论】有性杂交与无性繁殖相结合是小苍兰新品种选育的重要途径。

【Objective】A highly adaptable and stress-resistant variety of Freesia bearing flowers of a unique color was bred.【Method】A variety of Freesia from the Netherlands,Red Lion,was crossed with the purple Royal Blue in March 2006.A year later,the target purplish red hybrid F1 plant,R1 B1-1,was selected.After screening and expanding through generations of cloning from 2008 to 2012,Freesia hybrida Red Jade stabilized characteristics was finally obtained.Subsequently,it was subjected to a comparison test with its parents from 2013 till 2015,a SRAP molecular identification for species confirmation in2016,and the multi-point tests from 2017 to 2019.【Result】Red Jade was planted from late September to early October in Fuzhou,Fuqing,Zhenghe,and other localities to bloom for 30-40 d from late February to early March in the following year.Its upper perianth was purplish red(RHS:N74 A),and the throat yellow(RHS:14 A),in color.The average length of leaf was41.8 cm,that of flower stem 41.3 cm,that of flower stem girth 4.9 mm with a branch count of 3.9,that of main inflorescence7.2 cm with a main inflorescence floret count of 8.9,and that of flower diameter 3.9 cm with a reproduction coefficient of 6.7.【Conclusion】The new variety,Freesia hybrida Red Jade,was highly adaptable,stress resistant,and suitable for cultivation in Fujian and area of similar frost-free climate.Combining sexual hybridization and asexual propagation could be a promising approach to breed novel varieties of Freesia.