中国协商政治的“民主性”辨析——一种协商民主理论建构的尝试

Identification of Democracy in Chinese Consultative Politics:An Attempt of Constructing A Consultative Democratic Theory

协商民主概念的广泛使用对于探寻当代中国协商政治的“民主性”应如何界定、是否可以提炼一种协商民主的理论提出了问题。按照民主政治成立的一般条件,中国协商民主的逻辑结构以社会主义公共价值的前置为基础,以公意政党的领导为内生动力,以公民利益的参与为外在动力,以公共协商的机制为制度载体,满足民主政治的条件要求,并在民主的共识决策“产出”端比自由民主更具优势。协商民主的各个构成要件在逻辑上是相互关联、融为一体的,它们从不同的角度、综合性地体现了人民的主体性。中国协商政治的起源和发展过程也符合协商民主的理论建构逻辑,体现了“历史与逻辑的统一”。作为民主理念的现实模式,协商民主在未来有潜力向着人民民主的理想目标不断演进。

The term“consultative democracy”has been used so widely that there is a question whether it is a real democratic politics and can we construct a consultative democratic theory.First of all,we need to recognize democracy has to be subject to some criteria of value,which is liberalism in liberal democracy.The precondition of consultative democracy is prepositive public values,implementation of which necessarily require both Party leadership and popular civic participation.And they are both parts of democracy,connected by consultation.Three parts are a whole logically,and have an advantage over liberal democracy in meeting public values.The development of consultative democracy in China was in accord with the general path of democratization.Consultative democracy is not so-called authoritarianism or enlightened despotism.It is not equivalent of people's democracy,but the surrogate and prologue of people's democracy.