不同播期和密度对裸燕麦产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Densities on Yield and Quality of Naked Oats

为了促进黑龙江省特别是松嫩平原西部半干旱区燕麦高效优质栽培生产,针对该地区燕麦经常晚播的生产实际情况,探究不同播期和密度对裸燕麦产量和品质的影响,从而寻求适应实际生产条件的播期和密度,为该地区提高燕麦产量和品质提供理论参考。试验在黑龙江八一农垦大学试验基地进行,以裸燕麦白燕2号为试验材料,设置以两个播期为主区(4月6日和4月16日),七个密度为副区(150、225、300、375、450、525万株·hm^-2和600万株·hm^-2)的二因素裂区试验,研究了不同播期和密度对裸燕麦株高、茎粗、氮素积累和转移、产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明,在同一播期下作物的茎粗随着密度的增加而降低,同时播期的延后会造成裸燕麦的株高随之降低,下降的幅度为12.4%~19.9%。穗粒数随着密度的增加和播期的推迟而下降。而氮素积累量随着密度的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势。不同的播期对燕麦中脂肪的含量影响不显著。但作物中粗脂肪含量随着密度的增加逐渐降低。其中4月6日播种密度为375万株·hm^-2处理的产量最高,其次是同时期播种密度为450万株·hm^-2,在同一播期下,随着燕麦的播种密度不断增加,燕麦的产量呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,当密度为375万株·hm^-2时产量达到最高值。综合表明,不同的播期和种植密度对裸燕麦的产量和品质均有影响,在4月6日种植密度为375万株·hm^-2时大庆地区种植的裸燕麦的产量和品质最优。

In order to promote efficient and high-quality cultivation and production of oats in Heilongjiang province,especially in the semi-arid areas of the western Songnen Plain,in view of the production practice of oat in this region,which was often late sown,the influence of different sowing dates and densities on the yield and quality of naked oat was explored,so as to seek the sowing dates and densities suitable for the actual production conditions and provide theoretical references for improving the yield and quality of oat in this region.Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in Daqing city was as testing base,Baiyan 2 as the testing sample,the two-factor split zone test of two principal areas of two sowing dates(6 th April and 16th April),and seven secondary areas of density(1500000,2250000,3000000,3750000,4500000,5250000 and 6000000 plants·hm^-2)to study the different sowing time and density on naked oats plant height,stem diameter,nitrogen accuhalation and transfer,the influence of the accuhalation of dry matter,yield and quality.Under the same sowing date,the stem diameter of a crop decreased with the increase of density;meanwhile,the delayed sowing date decreased the plant height of oats by 12.4%to 19.9%;the grain number per ear decreased with the increase of density and the postponement of sowing date;the nitrogen accuhalation trends increased first and then decreased with the increase of density;the influence of different sowing date was not significant on the fat content in crops;the content of crude fat in crops decreased with the increase of density,among them,the yield of treated B1M4 was the highest,and the B1M5 was the next with 14.8%and 10.6%respectively more than the treated M6 at different sowing dates.The results showed that different sowing date and planting density had an effect on the yield and quality of bare oats.The yield and quality of bare oats grown in Daqing area were the best when the planting density was 3750000 plants·hm-2 on April 6.