黑龙江省“粮改饲”种植结构调整调研与思考

Investigation and Thinking on the Adjustment of“Silage Corn to Forage”Planting Structure in Heilongjiang Province

为解决玉米供过于求状况与优质饲料缺乏问题,2015年国家在黑龙江省等10省区开展“粮改饲”试点。目前这一政策已经持续5年,为了解“粮改饲”政策的实施情况及种植结构调整情况,对黑龙江省试点区和非试点区的种植户和养殖户进行了调研。调研发现:“粮改饲”种植结构调整中存在农户种植结构调整积极性不高、市场观望行为明显,“粮改饲”政策实施中存在试点区政策不完善、青贮玉米种植管理水平落后等问题,据此提出了进一步完善“粮改饲”政策、加强政策宣传、打通青贮玉米销售渠道、鼓励规模养殖以及加强“粮改饲”技术攻关等建议,为其他试点省区提供借鉴和参考。

In order to solve the problem of over-supply of corn and lack of high-quality feed,China launched a pilot program of“changing grain to forage”in Heilongjiang province and 9 other provinces in 2015.At present,this policy has lasted for 5 years.In order to understand the implementation of the policy and the adjustment of planting structure,farmers and raisers in pilot and non-pilot areas of Heilongjiang province were investigated.Survey found:there were many problems in“changing grain to forage”planting structure adjustment,such as farmers’enthusiasm was not high and market watching behavior was obvious;there were also many problems in the process of policy implementation,such as“changing grain to forage”policy was not perfect in the pilot area,the planting management level of silage corn was backward.Finally,the article proposed some suggestions from five respects such as strengthening policy propaganda,opening up sales channels of silage maize,encouraging the scale cultivation,strengthening“changing grain to forage”technical research and so on,which provided reference for other pilot provinces and regions.