机械碾压对土壤性状及葡萄根系分布和植株生长发育的影响

Effects of tractor traffic on soil properties,grape root distribution and plant growth

以1年生‘福克’葡萄自根苗为材料,在山东农业大学南校区实验基地进行试验,研究了机械碾压对行间土壤性状、葡萄根系分布和植株生长发育的影响,以期为葡萄园机械化操作提供理论及技术支持。结果表明:机械碾压增加了碾压区域0~40 cm土层的土壤容重,降低了碾压区域40 cm深度的土壤氧气扩散速率、氧化还原电位和表土的土壤呼吸速率。机械碾压降低了葡萄根系总量和细根(<2 mm)的占比。从根系水平分布看,机械碾压降低了距干20、40 cm处的根系数量,增加了距干60 cm处的根系数量;从根系垂直分布看,增加了40~80 cm土层的根系占比。机械碾压降低了葡萄茎粗和叶片叶绿素含量,但未对枝条节间长度、新梢和副梢生长速率、叶片厚度、叶片纵横径、叶片净光合速率和枝条可溶性糖、淀粉含量产生显著影响。综上,机械碾压增加了履带碾压区域的土壤容重,降低了履带碾压区域土壤的通气性,抑制了该区域葡萄根系生长,但促进了履带碾压范围外根系的发生与生长;机械碾压未对葡萄地上部的生长发育产生显著抑制作用。

The effects of tractor traffic on soil properties,grape root distribution and plant growth were studied in order to provide theoretical and technical support for the mechanization of vineyards in one-year‘Fokker’self-rooted seedlings at the vineyard of south campus of Shandong agricultural university.According to the study,the tractor traffic increased the soil bulk density at a depth of 0~40 cm in the compacted zone,reduced the soil oxygen diffusion rate,the redox potential and the soil oxygen diffusion rate at 40 cm depth of the rolling zone,the soil respiration rate of surface soils.Tractor traffic reduced the roots amounts in the compacted zone and decreased the proportion of fine roots(<2 mm).The result of root horizontal distribution showed that,tractor traffic decreased the number of roots of 20 cm and 40 cm away from trunk and increased the roots of 60 cm away from trunk.The result of root vertical distribution showed that,tractor traffic increased the proportion of roots of 40~80 cm.The tractor traffic reduced the transverse diameter of the grape shoots and Chlorophyll content but had no significant effect on the shoot internode length,growth rate of new and secondary shoots,leaf thickness,leaf diameter,Pn,branch soluble sugar and starch.The tractor traffic increased the soil bulk density,decreased the soil respiration rate in the compacted zone,inhibited the growth of the roots in this zone,but promoted the occurrence and growth of the roots outside the compacted zone.At the same time,the tractor traffic had no significant inhibiting effect on the growth and development of organs above the ground.