一种海上落点声学测量基站优化布设方法

Optimization Method for Base Station Layout in Falling Point Acoustic Measurement at Sea

落点测量精度是高速目标入水试验考核的重要指标,当测量系统观测误差保持不变时,基站布设方式将影响落点测量精度。以典型四基站分布为例,研究了基于时延差无源定位体制的多基站规则布设和不规则布设对定位精度的影响;通过改变基线长度和布站形式,分析了规则布站条件下不同区域落点测量精度分布规律;针对不规则布站形式,提出了一种基于模拟退火算法的海上落点测量声基阵优化布设方法。方法以定位偏差量作为目标函数,通过模拟高温物体退火过程找到最优布站位置。仿真结果表明,和规则布站方式相比,利用模拟退火算法对基站进行优化布设能够获取较高的定位精度,为高速目标海上落点测量系统设计及基站合理布设提供参考依据。

The falling point measurement accuracy is an important index of high speed target in water-entry test.The base station layout will affect the falling point measurement accuracy when the measurement errors remain unchanged.Taking the typical four-base station distribution as an example,the influence of regular and irregular layout of multi-base stations on positioning accuracy is studied based on passive location model.By changing the baseline length and distribution layouts,the accuracy of falling point in different areas under the condition of regular distribution is analyzed.For irregular distribution station,an optimal layout method of acoustic array based on simulated annealing algorithm is proposed,which taking the deviation value as objective function and obtaining the optimal layout according the simulation of high temperature annealing process.The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain higher positioning accuracy compared with the traditional method,and provide some references for the design of drop point measurement system as well as the layout of base station.