早产儿家长对卡介苗等免疫接种意愿状况及其影响因素分析

Willingness to vaccinate against BCG and its influencing factors in premature infants’parents

目的了解早产儿家长对卡介苗等免疫接种意愿状况及其影响因素,旨在为提高早产儿及时接种卡介苗等提供参考。方法采用方便抽样法,于2018年2月~2019年5月抽取琼海市中医院儿科282名早产儿家长作为研究对象,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,分析早产儿家长接种卡介苗意愿及其影响因素。结果282名早产儿家长中,有220人表示出院后会按要求接种卡介苗,占78.01%;不同早产儿胎龄、出生体重、家长年龄、居住地、家庭人均月收入、认为疫苗安全性、子女数、知晓卡介苗等相关知识的早产儿家长对卡介苗等免疫接种意愿比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,早产儿胎龄(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.23~2.43)、出生体重(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.23~2.37)、家长年龄(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.54~0.92)、家长文化程度(OR=4.63,95%CI:2.19~9.80)、居住地(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.22~3.07)、家庭人均月收入(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.38~2.22)、认为疫苗安全性(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.60~5.66)、子女数(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.35~3.70)和知晓乙肝、卡介苗等相关知识(OR=3.76,95%CI:1.54~9.15)等是早产儿家长对卡介苗等免疫接种意愿的影响因素。结论早产儿家长卡介苗接种意愿处于中等偏上水平,需要在院内继续加强卡介苗相关知识的健康宣教护理,提高早产儿家长对卡介苗等相关知识的认知水平,以提高其疫苗接种意愿。

Objective To investigate the willingness to receive BCG vaccination and its influencing factors in premature infants’parents,and to provide a references for improving the timely vaccination of BCG in premature infants.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to select 282 parents of premature infants as research objects from February 2018 to May 2019 in the department of pediatrics of Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the willingness to vaccinate against BCG and its influencing factors among premature infants’parents.Results Among 282 parents,220 of them(78.0%)expressed that they would be willing to receive BCG vaccines as required after hospitalization.There were statistically significant differences in vaccination willingness among parents with infants of different gestational age and birth weight,different age,residence,family per capita monthly income,acknowledgement of vaccines’safety,number of children and knowledge of BCG vaccine(P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of the BCG vaccination willingness including the gestational age of premature infants(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.23~2.43),birth weight(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.23~2.37),parents’age(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.54~0.92),parents’educational level(OR=4.63,95%CI:2.19~9.80),residence(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.22~3.07),family per capita monthly income(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.38~2.22),acknowledgement of vaccines’safety(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.60~5.66),number of children(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.35~3.70)and knowledge of hepatitis B and BCG(OR=3.76,95%CI:1.54~9.15).Conclusion The willingness of BCG vaccination in parents of premature infants was above the middle level.It is necessary to continue to strengthen the health and nursing education of BCG related knowledge in hospital and improve the awareness level of knowledge about BCG in premature infants’parents so as to improve their willingness to receive BCG vaccination.