湖南省国家级纺织类非物质文化遗产名录整理分析

The Catalogue of China Textile Intangible Cultural Heritage in Hunan Province

[研究意义]湖南省非物质文化遗产技艺精湛、极具地方特色,对当地的经济和文化的传承起着极好的作用。[研究方法]文章根据国务院文化部公布的四个批次国家级非物质文化遗产名录,通过对湖南省纺织类非物质文化遗产项目的整理分析,[研究结果与结论]研究认为:湖南省国家级纺织类非物质文化遗产项目共25项,占全省国家级纺织类非遗项目总数的18%;其分为纺织、印染、刺绣和服饰四大类;其中纺织类3项,印染类1项,刺绣类9项,服饰类12项;从空间分布上看,湖南省国家级纺织类非物质文化遗产申报地区及单位分布上呈现集聚型特征,主要以湘西土家族苗族自治州为中心向其他各地区分散,18个地市非物质文化遗产项目有明显的集聚性,湘西地区非物质文化遗产项目居多,而湘东地区非物质文化遗产项目居少,刺绣类和服饰类项目居多,而纺织类和印染类项目居少,空间的分布结构上不具有均衡性;从时间分布上看,四个批次的项目数量呈现递减趋势,从第一批次到第四批次纺织类非物质文化遗产项目明显减少,湖南省纺织类非物质文化遗产项目的保护和申报没有得到重视,导致纺织类非物质文化遗产项目的传承和创新受到影响。

The intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province has superb skills and local characteristics,which play an excellent role in the inheritance of local economy and culture.Based on the four batches of national textile intangible cultural heritage lists published by the Ministry of Culture of the State Council,the article analyzes the textile intangible cultural heritage projects in Hunan Province and concludes that there are 25 national textile intangible cultural heritage projects in Hunan Province,accounting for 18%of the total number of national textile intangible cultural heritage items with four categories:textile,printing and dyeing,embroidery and apparel;of which 3 items are textile,1 item is printing and dyeing,9 items are embroidery,and 12 items are apparel;In terms of spatial distribution,the distribution of national textile intangible cultural heritage declaration areas and units in Hunan Province shows agglomeration characteristics,mainly centered in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,scattered to other regions,and intangible cultural heritage projects in 18 cities have obvious agglomeration.The intangible cultural heritage projects are mostly in the western region of Hunan,while few are in the eastern area with embroidery and clothing projects as the major forms and few textile and printing and dyeing projects.The spatial distribution structure is not balanced;from time distribution,the number of projects in the four batches has shown a declining trend.From the first batch to the fourth batch of textile intangible cultural heritage projects,the protection and declaration of textile intangible cultural heritage projects have not been paid enough attention,which affects the inheritance and innovation of textile intangible cultural heritage projects.