属性分野视角下刑事非讼程序证据体系研究--以刑事强制医疗程序为例分析

Research on the evidence system of criminal non-litigation procedures from the perspective of attribute differentiation——take criminal compulsory medical procedure as the analysis template

基于程序属性差异,以刑事诉讼程序为中心构建的刑事证据体系难以有效兼容刑事非讼程序,导致其证据体系面临理论研究导向不明,立法规范内容缺失,实践操作流程混乱等困境。刑事非讼程序证据体系具有证据形式种类丰富,证明对象指向多元,证明过程缺乏对抗,证明标准层次多样等特征。在刑事诉讼证据体系与刑事非讼证据体系二元分立的基本理念指导下,独立刑事非讼程序证据体系的构建一方面应当完善立法规范,增加刑事特别程序证据概括性规范与具体程序操作性规范。另一方面应当优化实践适用,拓展证据来源,创新证明形式,顺畅程序衔接。

Based on the differences in procedural attributes,the criminal evidence system centered on criminal procedure is difficult to be compatible with criminal non-litigation procedures effectively.It causes the criminal evidence system facing predicaments such as unclear theoretical research direction,lack of legislations,and disorders in practical operations.The evidence system of criminal non-litigation procedure is characterized by abundant forms of evidence,multiple subjects under proof,lack of confrontation in the proof process,and various levels of proof standards.Under the guidance of bifurcation of criminal procedure evidence system and criminal non-litigation evidence system,the independent criminal non-litigation procedure evidence system should,on the one hand,improve legislations and increase the general regulations of criminal special procedure evidence and the operational regulations of specific procedures.On the other hand,we should optimize the application of practice,expand the sources of evidence,innovate the forms of proof,and smooth the connection of procedures.