“反鉴定”行为实证研究--以笔迹鉴定为视角

The empirical study on anti-appraisal: from the perspective of handwriting identification

在互联网时代,司法鉴定的理论与技术逐步被公知,这在一定程度上为不法人员提供了对抗鉴定的条件。不法行为人从技术层面干扰鉴定活动,企图得到于己有利的鉴定意见的行为属于“反鉴定”行为。“反鉴定”行为已经对鉴定实务造成了一定的不良影响,轻则增加鉴定工作的难度、延缓鉴定进度,重则导致鉴定意见出错,甚至引发事实认定者认定的事实错误。笔迹鉴定是经验性较强的鉴定技术,“反鉴定”行为表现较为突出,因此本文结合新的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》,以笔迹鉴定为视角,通过实证研究论述“反鉴定”行为的目的和典型表现形式,进而阐述相关证据规则运用,提出应对“反鉴定”行为的措施及方法要点。

In the age of Internet,theories and techniques of forensic science are becoming well known to public,which in some degree provides convenience for people with illegal intentions.Behaviors that people with illegal intentions interfere appraisal activities in technical level to gain beneficial appraisal opinions are defined as Anti-Appraisal.Anti-appraisal behaviors have already caused harmful effects on appraisal practice,which include increasing difficulties for appraisal work,delaying appraisal process,causing errors of appraisal opinions,and in the worst case,causing errors in judicial fact-findings.Handwriting identification is an appraisal technology depending on empirical experience,and anti-appraisal behaviors occur frequently in this field.For the above reasons,from a perspective of handwriting identification,this article refers to the latest Several Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Procedure and exposes the purpose and manifestations of anti-appraisal behaviors through an empirical study.After that,this article clarifies the application of related evidence rules,and offers responsive measures and main methods to cope with anti-appraisal behaviors.