葫芦科园艺作物卷须发生的研究进展

Research progress on tendril formation in Cucurbitaceae horticultural crops

葫芦科Cucurbitaceae植物多为1年生爬藤植物,是农业生产的重要植物科之一。卷须是葫芦科植物关键形态学标记。本研究总结分析了葫芦科植物关于卷须方面的主要研究成果,并对未来的研究提出展望。目前,关于葫芦科园艺作物卷须的研究主要集中于:①卷须的变态来源;②调控卷须发生的关键基因;③卷须组织中特异或高量表达基因;④内源激素调控卷须发育;⑤外界环境对卷须发生的影响。主要结论为:葫芦科园艺作物卷须被确定为侧分枝的变态器官,调控卷须发生的关键基因为TCP1。卷须组织特异或高量表达基因主要参与植物形态建成、趋向性、生长素极性运输、钙离子转运、谷氨酸代谢、木质素代谢等,而这些与卷须发生、发育、卷曲缠绕密切相关。激素(生长素、赤霉素)和外界环境(光、温、水分)均被报道可影响葫芦科园艺作物卷须发育,但具体分子机制均未知。未来葫芦科园艺作物卷须的研究应集中于关键基因TCP1的上下游基因网络解析,完善激素和外界环境对卷须的调控作用。结合日趋成熟的基因编辑技术,探究葫芦科园艺作物卷须的分子调控网络以及开展无卷须育种设计。

Cucurbitaceae is one of the important plant families in agricultural production, most of which are annual vines. The key morphological marker of Cucurbitaceae plants is tendril. This paper summarizes and analyzes the main research results on tendrils of Cucurbitaceae plants, and puts forward a prospect for future research. The present researches on tendrils of Cucurbitaceae horticultural crops mainly focus on the following aspects:(1) the origin of tendril;(2) the key gene regulating tendril development;(3) the genes specifically or highly expressed in tendrils;(4) the endogenous hormones regulating tendril development;(5) the influence of external environment on tendril development. The main conclusions are as follows: tendrils of Cucurbitaceae horticultural crops are identified as abnormal organs of lateral branches, and the key gene regulating tendril is TCP1. Tendril tissue-specific or high-level genes are mainly involved in morphological development, tropism,auxin polar transport, calcium ion transport, glutamate metabolism, lignin metabolism, which are closely related to tendril generation, development and coiling. Hormone(auxin, gibberellin) and environment factors(light,temperature and water) have been reported to affect tendril development, but the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Future research on tendrils of Cucurbitaceae horticultural crops should focus on the analysis of the upstream and downstream gene network of TCP1 to improve the regulatory effect of hormones andexternal environment on tendrils. Based on the mature gene editing technology, it will be beneficial to explore the molecular regulatory network of tendrils of Cucurbitaceae horticultural crops and develop tendril-less breeding design.