基于双测距系统的异步应答激光测距联合观测试验

A combined observation experiment of asynchronous response laser ranging based on two satellite laser ranging systems

卫星激光测距中激光信号须两次穿行地球大气层,受脉冲展宽、光束偏离及能量衰减等多种效应的综合影响,激光信号返回地面测站时已非常微弱,以致难以探测,测量范围因此受限,目前最远仅可观测到月球表面激光测距合作目标。随着深空探测技术的发展,行星际深空飞行器的精密测量需求日渐迫切。利用异步应答激光测距技术可以有效解决卫星激光测距观测距离受限的短板,为开展行星际深空飞行器的精密定轨和时差精确测量提供可行的手段。本文介绍了利用两套卫星激光测距系统并置观测开展异步应答激光测距联合观测试验的基本原理和系统组成,并对试验结果进行了初步分析。通过测量不同轨道高度的卫星,联合观测试验系统所获得的行星际等效距离已超过3.6AU,验证了单向激光测距技术在行星际空间飞行器距离测量中的可行性。

In satellite laser ranging,the laser signals should travel through atmosphere twice and will be reduced under the impacts of atmospheric turbulence,pulse broadening,optical axis departure and so on.The return signal is too weak to be detected by ground station,and thus the measurable range is limited.So fiar the farthest observation distance of SLR system is less than the distance between the Moon and the Earth.With the development of deep space exploration technology,the demand for precise orbit determination and time difference measurement between the ground station and the spacecraft is increasing rapidly.The asynchronous response laser ranging can be used to solve the problem of distance limitation in satellite laser ranging,which provides a practical method for precise orbit determination and time difference measurement of interplanetary spacecraft in deep space.In this paper,the principles and components of the asynchronous response laser ranging experimental system are introduced and the combined observation data of several satellites are analyzed.The experimental result shows that the interplanetary equivalent distance of the combined observation systems exceeds 3.647AU,and the feasibility of asynchronous response laser ranging for precise measurement of interplanetary spacecraft has been verified.