终身教育背景下学前教育发展的路径与机制——读《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》

Path and Mechanism of Pre-school Education Development in the Context of Lifelong Education--Interpretation of the Preschool Education Law(draft)of the People’s Republic of China

《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》的公布,是我国教育立法体系的一项重大突破。它基于学前教育的当前困境,对其性质、内涵、办学主体、政府责任等核心问题做出了实质性的立法界定,对扩大公办园的办园规模、扶持民办普惠园的持续发展以及盈利性民办园的规范等问题亦在立法层面进行了明确规定。该法尤其把学前教育置于终身教育的背景下,明确规定学前教育是学校教育制度的起始阶段,由此为实现从摇篮到拐杖的终身教育奠定了重要的立法基础。对于学前教育法草案的深入解读与理解,不仅有利于进一步明晰学前教育的公益性性质,而且对困扰社会多年的幼儿园“入园难”“入园贵”“小学化”等僵局和问题亦提出了破局路径,同时还对如何构建围绕人一生发展的终身教育体系在立法层面奠定了基础。

The introduction of the Preschool Education Law( draft) is a major breakthrough in China’s education legislative system. On the basis of China’s current predicament of preschool education,this draft provides an authoritative definition of the nature,connotation,school-running subjects,government’s responsibility and other core issues. It clears the issues such as expanding the scale of public kindergartens,supporting the sustainable development of private inclusive kindergartens,and regulating profit-making private kindergartens at the legislative level. In particular,the law puts preschool education under the background of lifelong education,and clearly stipulates that preschool education is the initial stage of the school education system,which lays an important legislative foundation for realizing the concept of lifelong education which is from cradle to crutch. Interpretation and understanding of the draft preschool education law will not only help to further clarify the public welfare nature of preschool education,but also deal with the deadlocks as "the shortage of kindergarten places for children","the high tuition for children’s parents" and " tendency to teach children in the form of primary school "which have plagued society for many years. It also makes an important institutional guarantee at the legislative level on how to build a lifelong education system.