风和风沙流对植物的影响研究综述

Research on the Effects of Wind and Sand Flow on Plants

风是一种重要的生态因子,直接影响着风沙地区植物资源的可持续利用与发展,研究风和风沙流胁迫对植物生长的影响十分必要。文中总结该领域的研究现状及特点,综述风速、吹袭时间、吹袭频率、吹袭间隔对植物表型结构、解剖结构、光合特性、生理特性等方面的作用机理,在此基础上分析目前研究存在的问题,提出今后有关风和风沙流对植物影响的研究应将不同环境中的不同植物从表型结构、解剖结构、分子及生理层面上进行跨学科综合研究。此外,风和风沙流不仅会对植物个体产生影响,对干旱、半干旱地区植被的生态功能也会产生影响,明确风沙胁迫在植物种群、群落、生态系统和景观格局等尺度上对植被的影响,可为探索生态脆弱区风沙对植被稳定性的影响提供理论参考。

Wind is an important ecological factor,which directly affects the sustainable utilization and development of plant resources in wind-sand area.Therefore,it is necessary to study the effects of wind and sand flow on plant growth.This paper summarizes the research status and characteristics of this field,and reviews the effects of wind speed,wind blowing time,wind blowing frequency and wind blowing interval on phenotypic structure,anatomical structure,photosynthetic characteristics and physiological characteristics of plants.Based on the analysis of the existing problems,it is proposed that the future research on the effects of wind and sand flow on plants should be focused on the multi-disciplinary study of phenotypic structure,anatomical structure,molecular structure and physiology of different plants in different environments.In addition,wind-sand flow will not only have an impact on individual plants,but also on the ecological functions of vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.The clarification of the impact of sand drift on vegetation at the scale of plant population,community,ecosystem and landscape pattern can provide the theoretical basis for exploring the influence of wind-sand flow on vegetation stability in eco-fragile regions.