侵害航空安全的危险判断研究

Research on the Judgment of the Danger of Violating Aviation Safety

侵害航空安全的具体危险犯和抽象危险犯是国际国内航空刑法中的主要航空犯罪类型,此类犯罪所侵害的航空安全法益包含与航空运输有关的人身财产安全、航空安保法律制度、航班与机场安全、空中航行安全以及人对航空运输安全的信任等内容。目前,我国民航公共安全以行为是否造成人身财产损失的现实紧迫危险作为侵害航空安全具体危险的判断标准,难以实现危险犯立法提前保护法益的目标。结合航空安全的公共安全和行业安全属性,应以民航单位采取安保应急处置措施作为行为侵害航空安全具体危险的判断标准,以行为人对特定行为对象实施特定行为为侵害航空安全抽象危险的判断标准,我国刑法可增设重大飞行事故罪的过失危险犯,对航空人员的业务行为作更严格的要求。

The concrete and abstract dangerous crimes against aviation safety are the main types of aviation crimes stipulated by international and domestic aviation criminal law.Aviation safety is an abstract collective legal interest,which includes the safety and security of people and property related to air transport,the operation safety of flights and airports,and people’s trust in the safety of air transport.Police often takes the urgent danger as the standard which constitute the concrete danger of violating aviation safety,affecting the application of the legal norms.Considering the public safety and industry safety of aviation safety,the concrete danger of aviation safety is based on the security emergency response measures taken by the civil aviation unit for the hazardous behaviors,and the abstract danger is based on the carrying out the action to the specific behavior object.It is suggested that the negligent dangerous crime of the crime of serious flight accident should be stipulated in our criminal law,and the professional behavior of aviation personnel should be more strictly.