我国老年教育政策变迁的影响因素、路径依赖与价值取向

Policy changes in education for the elderly:influencing factors,path dependence and value orientation

我国老年教育开展了将近四十年,在老龄化程度持续加深的情况下,政府以不同效力的文本形式出台了各种法规和政策。研究透过历史制度主义视角对我国老年教育政策进行文本内容分析发现:就制度动因而言,政治、经济、文化和人口四个方面成为老年教育政策制定的逻辑起点;就制度变迁而言,体现出以下的趋势,政策属性由以社会本位价值为主转向以人为本价值为主,实施方式由政府主导与部门开展转向政府投入和市场投资,政策对象由特定老年群体转向全体城乡老年群体,考评路径由政策单向实施转向政策评价监督,反映了老年教育政策的路径依赖和关键节点特性。最后,从制度创新角度提出老年教育的价值取向,包括完善个体生命价值取向、持续开发人力资源取向、构建协同整合机制取向、跨代共施生命教育取向和彰显信息技术人文关怀取向。

Education for the elderly has been in implementation in China for nearly 40 years.As population aging continues to increase,the government has issued various regulations and policies on education for the elderly.This study conducts a content analysis of these policies.As indicated in the findings from the analysis,in terms of institutional motivation,the logical starting point for these policies includes four considerations:politics,economy,culture and population.Several trends in policy changes are also identified.Put specifically,the policies are shifting from society-based values to people-oriented values;the implementation mode is shifting from governmental operation to both government investment and market investment;target people are shifting from specific elderly groups to all urban and rural elderly population;and evaluation is shifting from one-way policy implementation to policy evaluation and supervision,showing characteristics of path dependence and key stages of the policies.The article concludes with several suggestions on the value orientation of senior education from the perspective of institutional innovation,including perfecting the value orientation of individual life,continuous development of human resources,building a collaborative integration mechanism,carrying out inter-generational life education,and highlighting the humanistic orientation of information technology.