基于超临界流体发泡技术制备开孔型微孔塑料的研究进展

Progress in Preparation of Open-Cell Microcellular Plastics Based on Supercritical Fluid Foaming Technology

开孔型微孔塑料因其独特的三维互通结构而具有优异的吸收和穿透能力,作为功能高分子材料被广泛应用在吸音降噪、吸附过滤、催化载体、电磁屏蔽、组织工程等领域。超临界流体(sc-CO2,sc-N2)作为物理发泡剂在塑料基体中溶解度大,同时具有无毒环保、价廉易得等优势,使得超临界流体发泡技术在制备开孔型微孔塑料方面有巨大的应用前景,并成为当前研究热点。文中首先总结了基于超临界流体发泡技术制备开孔型微孔塑料的几种开孔机理,然后综述了开孔型微孔塑料制备方法及其应用领域的最新研究进展,最后对目前基于超临界流体发泡技术制备开孔型微孔塑料面临的问题进行分析和展望。

The open-cell microcellular plastics have excellent absorption and penetration ability due to its unique three-dimensional interconnecting structure,and were widely used as functional polymer in fields of acoustic absorption,filtration,catalytic carrier,electromagnetic shielding,and tissue engineering.Supercritical fluids(sc-CO2,sc-N2),as physical blowing agent,have the advantages of high solubility in plastic matrix,non-toxic,environment-friendly,cheap and easy obtained,so that the supercritical fluid foaming technology has a great application in the preparation of open-cell microcellular plastics,and has become the current research hotspot.Firstly,it was summarized about several opening mechanisms of open-cell microcellular plastics prepared by supercritical fluid foaming technology,and then the preparation and application of open-cell microcellular plastics were reviewed.Finally,the problems existing in the fabrication of open-cell microcellular plastics by supercritical fluid microcellular foaming were analyzed and prospected.