养分专家系统推荐施肥在萝卜上的应用效果

Application effects of fertilizer recommendation by Nutrient Expert System on radish

通过布置两季萝卜田间试验,研究了基于产量反应和农学效率推荐施肥方法建立的养分专家系统在萝卜上的应用效果,为方便快捷地进行萝卜科学施肥管理提供理论和技术支撑。试验设置7个处理,分别为农民习惯施肥处理(FP)、基于养分专家系统的推荐施肥处理(TE)、当地测土推荐施肥处理(TS)、TE基础上有机肥替代30%化肥氮处理(TE+OM)以及与TE处理对应的减氮处理(TE-N)、减磷处理(TE-P)和减钾处理(TE-K),比较了不同施肥管理措施对萝卜产量、养分吸收量、肥料利用率和施肥效益的影响。结果表明:基于产量反应和农学效率的专家推荐施肥方法确定的萝卜上半年N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为200、132和215 kg·hm-2;下半年分别为171、204和251 kg·hm-2。专家推荐施肥调整了氮、磷、钾肥的施用量,与FP处理相比,两季萝卜经济产量分别显著提高了14.8%和18.4%,施肥效益分别提高了20115和14905元·hm-2;与TS处理相比,两季萝卜经济产量分别显著提高了9.8%和16.8%,施肥效益分别提高了9076和9987元·hm-2。专家系统推荐施肥提高了萝卜的农学效率和养分回收率,促进了养分的高效利用。同时,萝卜生产中合理比例的有机肥替代化肥可在一定程度上促进植株养分向根部转移。综合考虑,专家推荐施肥在萝卜上的应用具有可行性,该方法在萝卜实际生产中充分利用了土壤的基础养分供应,考虑了养分的平衡与可持续性,合理调控了氮磷钾养分供应量,促进了萝卜生产的高产高效和可持续发展。

A field experiment was conducted for two seasons to evaluate the application effects of a decision support system named Nutrient Expert on radish based on yield response and agronomic efficiency, to provide theoretical and technical support for convenient and quick recommendation on fertilization management. There were seven treatments: farmer’s practice treatment(FP), recommended fertilization treatment based on Nutrient Expert(TE), recommended fertilization treatment based on soil testing(TS), treatment of replacing 30% nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer based on TE(TE+OM), and corresponding nitrogen omission treatment(TE-N), phosphorus omission treatment(TE-P), and potassium omission treatment(TE-K). We measured and compared the effects of different fertilization managements on radish yield, nutrient uptake, fertilizer utilization and fertilization benefit. The results showed that the N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizer applications based on Nutrient Expert were 200, 132 and 215 kg·hm-2 in the first half of the year, and 171, 204 and 251 kg·hm-2 in the second half of the year, respectively. The Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization adjusted the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer. Compared with FP treatment, the economic yield of radish in the two-season experiments increased by 14.8% and 18.4%, and the profit of fertilization increased by 20115 and 14905 yuan·hm-2, respectively. Compared with the TS treatment, the economic yield of radish over the two seasons increased by 9.8% and 16.8%, and the profit of fertilization increased by 9076 and 9987 yuan·hm-2, respectively. The Nutrient Expert recommended fertilization improved the agronomic efficiency and nutrient recovery efficiency of radish, and promoted the efficient utilization of nutrients. The reasonable proportion of organic fertilizer in radish production could promote the transfer of plant nutrients to roots to a certain extent. In general, the application of Nutrient Expert on radish was feasible. This method could make full use of the indigenous nutrients of soil, consider the balance and sustainable supply, and reasonably regulate the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and finally result in high yield, high efficiency and sustainable development of radish production.