川西高原山地美味牛肝菌气候生态适宜性及潜在分布

Climatic ecological suitability and potential distribution for Boletus edulis in mountainous areas of Western Sichuan Plateau, China

利用数字高程模型(DEM)数据、土地覆盖栅格数据、四川省52个站点和4个其他省市站点的气象观测数据,基于美味牛肝菌的生物学特性,结合前人研究成果,系统分析了川西高原山地美味牛肝菌的气候生态适宜性。选取气温、降水、植被等影响因子作为区划指标,应用集优法,通过GIS分析本区美味牛肝菌资源的潜在分布。结果表明:美味牛肝菌潜在分布区的北界在32°N附近,海拔上限约为3000 m,下限约为800 m,总面积约286.3万hm^2,约占研究区整个行政区域面积的9.7%;29°N以南的攀西地区是美味牛肝菌的主要潜在分布区,核心分布区在攀西地区中南部,攀西分布区面积约占全部潜在分布区的90%,其中,适宜区面积约占20%,次适宜面积约占80%。适宜区主要分布于攀西地区雅砻江以东的安宁河流域、海拔1000~2600 m的山区;次适宜区主要是适宜区分别向上、向下延伸到海拔3000和800 m左右的林区;海拔3000 m以上的高原高山区和海拔800 m以下的干热河谷区为不适宜区。

The ecological climate suitability of Boletus edulis was systematically analyzed in mountainous areas of the Western Sichuan Plateau using DEM, land cover data and meteorological data from 52 weather stations in Sichuan Province and four weather stations in other provinces. Factors such as temperature, precipitation and vegetation cover were selected as the regionalization index to analyze the potential spatial distribution of B. edulis in Western Sichuan Plateau by GIS technology. The results showed that the northern boundary of potential distribution area for B. edulis was near 32° N, the upper and lower limits of the altitude were about 800 m and 3000 m. The total distribution area was 2863000 hm^2, accounting for about 9.7% of the whole study area. The Panxi area at south of 29° N was the main distribution area, accounting for about 90% of all potential distribution areas. Among the main distribution area, the suitable area was about 20%, and the remaining is the secondary suitable area. The suitable area was mainly distributed in the Anning River basin at the elevation of 1000 m to 2600 m in East of the Yalong River in the Panxi area. The secondary suitable area was mainly located in forest area extending upward and downward from suitable area at an altitude of about 3000 m and 800 m, respectively. The unsuitability areas were the alpine regions at altitude above 3000 m and the dry-hot valley regions at altitude below 800 m.