中国耕作制度历史演变与未来发展趋势

Historical Evolution and Future Development Trend of Chinese Farming System

中国现代耕作制度是在宏观粮食安全战略约束下一个地区或生产单位的作物组成与布局,多种作物复种、间套作、轮作与连作,以及与之相适应的土壤耕作、地力培肥、水分管理和农田基本建设等一整套用地与养地相结合的现代农业技术体系,是中国农业发展的一个重要核心问题。对中国耕作制度历史演进规律进行分析研究,在乡村振兴战略下新时代社会主义农村建设需要现代科技支撑和现代产业规划布局与管理,而现代耕作制度正是承载这两项重要功能、实现现代农业管理的制度保障。明确现代耕作制度在现代农业建设以及在后现代农业发展的作用与功能,提出新世纪现代耕作制度的发展趋势与现实类型。

Under food security macro-strategy,China's modern farming system is a set of modern agricultural technology system integrating land fertility utilizing and land maintaining and enriching,including crop composition and distribution within a region or production unit,involving multiple cropping,intercropping,rotation and continuous cropping,and corresponding soil tillage,soil fertility improvement,water management and farmland infrastructure construction,thus a core issue of China's agricultural development.Upon analysis on the historical evolution law of China's farming system and under the strategy of rural revitalization,the new socialist countryside construction in the new era needs the support of modern science and technology and the layout and management of modern industry,which are carried by modern farming system to realize the institutional guarantee of modern agricultural management.The role and function of modern farming system in the construction of modern agriculture and the development of post-modern agriculture were clarified.The development trend and practical types of modern farming system in the new century were put forward.