儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病相关的污染物检测分析

Pollutants detection and analysis associated with childhood asthma and allergic diseases

近年来儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病患病率呈明显上升趋势,其生活和学习场所空气品质与哮喘和呼吸道疾病密切相关,检测分析室内污染物水平变得十分迫切.为了确定严寒地区与儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病相关的主要室内污染物浓度水平以及不同污染物之间的相关性,对哈尔滨地区10岁左右儿童的健康状态及居住环境进行问卷调查,并选取病例组和对照组进行现场检测以及对比分析.问卷调查结果显示:室内潮湿、结露、发霉、有可见水流、装修以及室内人员吸烟等都与儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病密切相关.选取10户住宅(6户病例组和4户对照组)和2间教室现场监测温湿度、颗粒物质量浓度,采集空气中总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)和半挥发性有机物(SVOCs),计算浮游真菌、堆积真菌以及附着真菌菌落数.分析病例组和对照组测试参数差异性,以及采样点不同参数之间的相关性.结果表明:高温干燥的环境可能会导致儿童患哮喘和呼吸道疾病;病例组和对照组PM 2.5质量浓度统计学差异不显著(P=0.157);儿童患有呼吸过敏性疾病与降尘中SVOCs浓度有关;客厅和儿童卧室浮游真菌显著相关(r=0.943,P=0.005),附着真菌也有相同的结果(r=0.943,P=0.005).

The morbidity of childhood asthma and allergic diseases has increased significantly in recent years.The indoor air quality of their dwellings and classrooms is closely related to asthma and respiratory diseases,so it is urgent to detect and analyze indoor pollutant concentration levels.Aiming to determine the concentrations of primary indoor pollutants associated with childhood asthma and allergic diseases in severe cold regions and investigate the correlation between different pollutants,the questionnaire survey about the health condition and living environment of the children about 10 years old living in Harbin was carried out,and case groups and control groups were selected for field test and comparative analysis.Results of questionnaire survey show that indoor humidity,condensation,mold,visible flow,decoration,and inhabitant smoking were closely related to childhood asthma and allergic diseases.We selected ten houses(six case groups and four control groups)and two classrooms to monitor temperature,humidity,and particulate mass concentration,collected total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs)and semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),and calculated the colony counts of airborne,settled,and adherent fungi.The difference between measured parameters of case groups and control groups was analyzed,and the correlation between different parameters at sampling sites was discussed.Results show that high temperature and dryness environment might lead to childhood asthma and respiratory illnesses.The difference of PM 2.5 mass concentration between case groups and control groups was not significant(P=0.157).Children with respiratory allergic diseases were associated with SVOCs concentration in dust.There was a significant correlation between airborne fungi in living room and those in children’s bedroom(r=0.943,P=0.005),and the result was the same for adherent fungi(r=0.943,P=0.005).