经颅电、磁刺激的神经康复研究进展与应用展望

Research Progress and Application Prospect of Nerve Rehabilitation by Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation

意外事故或疾病会导致人体运动功能受损甚至丧失,而脑卒中是当前第一致残疾病,严重危害社会健康。近年非侵入性脑刺激技术作为新型神经调节手段,可实现对颅脑施加神经刺激,改变大脑皮层兴奋性,诱导神经可塑性变化与功能重组。其中经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)与经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)已经在运动神经康复治疗中表现出较高的治疗潜力。总结了tDCS和TMS两种无创脑刺激技术在神经康复领域的研究与应用的作用机制、相关研究进展,并展望其技术挑战及未来发展趋势。

Accidents or diseases may cause impairment or even loss of human motor function,among which stroke is a disease which is most likely to cause disability and seriously endangers social health.During recent years,as a new nerve regulation technology,non-invasive brain stimulation technology can achieve the application of nerve stimulation to the brain,induce and promote neuroplasticity and improve the excitability of cerebral cortex.Especially,transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)have shown high therapeutic potential in motor rehabilitation.This paper summarizes the mechanism and progress of the research and application of tDCS and TMS in the field of neurorehabilitation.Its technical challenges and future development trends are provided as well.