在STEM教育中走向未来——德国STEM教育政策及启示

Toward the Future in STEM Education:STEM Education Policy and Enlightenment in Germany

职业教育的开展是德国经济增长和繁荣的重要手段。在当前工业4.0的背景下,德国面临着STEM行业的职业人才缺缺问题。为了保持德国经济社会的发展与领导地位,德国政府出台了STEM教育行动计划,完善了以师资培养、学校教育、社会就业等环节所组成的教育链,并关注青少年、女性等特定群体,鼓励并支持他们在STEM领域就业。同时,德国政府加强了对职业教育的发展力度,并大力培养STEM人才。鉴于德国STEM教育的发展背景和实施理念,我国在推行STEM教育时应从实际出发,完善师资培养、课程建设、社会参与等环节为主的教育生态,培养并衔接好学生在STEM领域的职业兴趣,注重产学融合,推动STEM教育的持续发展。

The development of vocational education is an important means of German economic growth and prosperity.In the current context of Industry 4.0,Germany is facing a shortage of professional talents in STEM industries.In order to maintain the development and leadership of Germany's economy and society,the German government has issued a STEM education action plan to improve the education chain composed of teacher training,school education,social employment and other links,and to pay attention to specific groups such as young people and women,encouraging and supporting them to find jobs in STEM fields.At the same time,the German government has strengthened the development of vocational education and vigorously cultivated STEM talents for the society.In view of its development background and implementation philosophy,when implementing STEM education in China,it should proceed from reality,improve the educational ecology of teacher training,curriculum construction,social participation and other links,cultivate and connect students'career interests in STEM fields,pay attention to the integration of industry and learning,and promote the sustainable development of STEM education.