《黄帝内经》中“衰”与“老”的状态辨识

State differentiation of’debility’and’aging’in Huangdi Neijing

当今世界人口老龄化现象突显,衰老与抗衰老已成为全球性热点话题,对此《黄帝内经》中有关衰老的论述具参鉴价值和指导意义。《黄帝内经》中"衰"与"老"是两种密切相关却含义有别的生命状态,两者结合可呈现出老而不衰(形与神俱之未病状态)、渐老而衰(欲病状态)、衰先于老(已病状态,即早衰)等不同状态。《黄帝内经》指出老而不衰状态的本质在于合"道",而早衰则在于失"道"。因此,养生抗衰老应把握本质,首要在于知"道"、行"道"、养"精神"。文章探析了"衰"与"老"的内涵,从中医状态视角对《黄帝内经》中"衰"与"老"进行辨识,明晰其现象与本质,希冀《黄帝内经》中抗衰老的智慧能于当今时代得到传承和发扬。

Nowadays,aging of world population is a prominent phenomenon,senescence and anti-senescence have become global hot topics.For this situation,the statements related to senescence in Huangdi Neijing still possess strong reference value and great guiding significance.The two words of‘debility’and‘aging’in Huangdi Neijing are closely linked to each other but different life states with separate meanings.Combinations of‘debility’and‘aging’show several diverse life states,including aging but without debility(wei-bing state with soundness of both physique and spitit),gradual aging with debility(yu-bing state),debility ahead of aging(yi-bing state,i.e.,premature debility).Huangdi Neijing points out that the nature of‘aging but without debility’lies in living with Dao.However,the nature of premature debility lies in lack of Dao.Thus,health promotion should grasp the nature,and the most significant aspect consists in understanding Dao,performing Dao,and cultivating essence and spirit.About‘debility’and‘aging’in Huangdi Neijing,this article probes into their original intention,identify diverse life states by their combinations from the perspective of Chinese medicine state,and make clear the natures under these state phenomenon,and through this article,we hope the anti-senescence thought and wisdom of Huangdi Neijing could be inherited and carried forward in in the present age.