中药穴位用药现状及分析

Current situation and analysis of acupoint medication of Chinese medicine

目的:归纳、总结穴位用药在临床上的应用现状,为中药通过穴位用药途径治疗疾病提供理论指导,为中药穴位用药应用规范的建立提供参考。方法:在中国知网以"穴位给药""临床"为关键词进行全文搜索2015年至2019年的所有文献,纳入了346篇临床研究文献,剔除综述类,符合标准有144篇。归纳文献穴位用药治疗的疾病分类、用药方式、用药取穴、给药时间、频率、注意事项及不良反应。结果:穴位用药多应用于呼吸科、妇科、消化科疾病。从应用方式来看,可分为穴位敷贴、穴位注射、穴位离子导入、穴位埋线等给药途径,在穴位用药整个治疗过程中,多以穴位敷贴方式治疗疾病,多贴于肺俞穴、天突穴、关元穴、神阙穴。从穴位用药的时间来看,穴位敷贴给药的时间较长,其中持续4~8h最为常见。从穴位用药频率来看,在治疗不同科疾病时,多采用1次/d,对于三伏天治疗呼吸科疾病,采用1次/10d给药。结论:穴位用药疗法作为中医外治法之一,因其安全、组方简单、直接作用于靶点等优点,而日益受到医学界广泛关注。但在应用过程中主观性较强,缺少统一的标准,因此,穴位用药应用规范化、标准化,为中药外治在临床应用提供科学依据。

Objective:The current situation of acupoint medication in clinical practice was summarized,in order to provide theoretical guidance for treating diseases by acupoint medication of Chinese medicine,and provide reference for establishing the application standard of acupoint medication of Chinese medicine.Methods:All the literatures from 2015 to 2019 were searched by‘acupoint medication’and‘clinical’on CNKI,and 346 clinical research literatures were included.The review category was excluded,and 144 of them meet the criteria.The classification of diseases,medication methods,medication acupoints selection,administration time,frequency and adverse reactions were summarized.Results:Acupoint medication were mostly used in respiratory diseases,gynecology,gastroenterology.From the perspective of application methods,it could be divided into acupoint application,acupoint injection,acupoint iontophoresisn,acupoint catagrapha and other drug delivery channels.During the whole treatment process of acupoint medication,acupoint application was mostly used to treat diseases,mostly applied to Feishu(B13),Tiantu(CV22),Guanyuan(CV4)and Shenque(CV8).In terms of the duration of acupoint administration,the duration of administration was relatively long,among which 4~8 h was the most common duration.In terms of the frequency of acupoint medication,1 time/d was more often used in the treatment of different diseases,and 1 time/10 days was used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in the dog days.Conclusion:As one of the external therapies of Chinese medicine,acupoint medication has attracted increasing attention from the medical community due to its advantages of safety,simple formulation and direct action on the target.However,in the application process,the subjectivity is strong and there is a lack of unified standards.Therefore,standardized application of acupoint medicine is required to provide scientific basis for the clinical application of Chinese medicine external treatment.