古代中医咒术治病特点及其原理研究

Study on the characteristics and principles of ancient TCM incantation

中医著作中的咒术滥觞于吸收了中国上古巫祝之术的道教咒术,同时吸纳了部分佛教梵文咒语。中医咒术持咒的主体即可为医家,也可为患者自身。咒术并不等于迷信,咒术之所以长期存在,是因为在咒术治病表象之下暗含着某些科学成分。古代医家一般遇"疾病轻浅""医药难得""尚巫而不能药者""久治不愈"等情况才运用咒术治病,与故弄玄虚、欺骗百姓的"江湖术士"迥异。咒术处方常配合汤液、中药符箓、艾灸等治疗并要求患者忌口。对于咒术的神秘力量暂且不谈,咒术治病的效力可以由其背后掺杂的中药治疗和中医情志疗法作为保证,其治病原理归结于"移精变气",与现代心理治疗有着一定的相似之处。

TCM incantations in the works of traditional Chinese medicine originated from the Taoist incantations that absorbed the ancient Chinese witch’s prayer and some buddhist sanskrit incantations.The main body of TCM incantation can be the doctor or the patients.Incantation is not the same as superstition.The reason why spell exists for a long time is that it contains some scientific elements under the appearance of curing diseases.In ancient times,medical experts usually used spell to cure diseases in cases of’light and shallow diseases’,’medicine is rare’,’those who are not yet able to use medicine’and’those who cannot be cured for a long time’.And it is quite different from the’charlatan’who deludes and deceives the common people.The prescription of spell is usually combined with the treatment of decoction,Chinese medicine(fu lu),moxibustion,etc,and tell the patient to keep stay away of the food that are bad for their heaithy.Leaving aside for the moment the mysterious power of incantation,the efficacy of incantation in curing diseases can be guaranteed by the mixed traditional Chinese medicine treatment and emotional therapy of Chinese medicine behind it.The principle of treating diseases is attributed to’removing essence and changing qi’,which has certain similarities with modern psychological medicine.