荀悦《申鉴》养生思想述略

XUN Yue’s health preserving thought in Shenjian

《申鉴》是东汉荀悦所著的一本政治哲学论著,充分展现了其政治思想。内容丰富,其中还涉及了不少养生思想。以"以道为本的宇宙观""以民作基的天人观""取身喻国的整体观"为基础,充分借鉴先秦诸子的思想,荀悦形成了"执中致和"的养生观。具体体现在:重无为,承天地顺阴阳;分次第,养气养体养神;称权衡,崇其阳绌其阴;定心性,仁者长寿之术;知分寸,中和守之以生。重视个体的生命价值,并将之上升到了治国的高度。同时,对前人思想进行了取舍,尤其批判了神仙方术与其他世俗迷信,表达了较为科学的养生态度,体现了唯物主义倾向。其独到的养生思想在养生学术发展史上具有不容忽视的一席之地。

Shenjian is a political philosophy treatise written by XUN Yue in the Eastern Han dynasty,which fully demonstrates his political thoughts.It also enriches the thought of health preservation.On the basis of’the world view based on Tao’,’the view of heaven and man based on the people’,’the holistic view of taking the body to describe the country’,and fully drawing on the thoughts of the pre Qin philosophers,XUN Yue formed the concept of’sticking to the middle and achieving harmony’.It is embodied in the following aspects:attaching importance to inaction,inheriting heaven and earth,conforming to yin and yang;dividing order,nourishing qi,nourishing body and nourishing spirit;weighing up,worshiping yang and dwarfing yin;calming mind,benevolence is the art of longevity;knowing proper measure and keeping it in harmony for life.He attached importance to the value of individual life and raised it to the height of governing the country.At the same time,he made a choice to the ideas of the predecessors,especially criticized the immortals and other secular superstitions,expressed a more scientific attitude towards health preservation and embodied the materialist tendency.His unique thought of health preservation has a place that can not be ignored in the history of academic development of health preservation.