中药乳膏剂临床外用技术特点分析

Analysis of clinical application characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine ointments

目的:分析中药乳膏剂临床外用技术特点,以指导临床应用,促进中药乳膏剂临床外用技术规范的建立。方法:以"乳膏"为主题在中国知网中检索相关中药乳膏剂外用临床研究文献,时间范围为1956年1月1日至2019年4月30日。归纳疾病分类、基质分布、用药剂量等外用技术,总结注意事项、不良反应及应对措施。结果:共分析148篇文献,其中中药乳膏剂在皮肤科(126篇,85.14%)中应用最为广泛;O/W型基质应用较多(83.13%);用药频率以2次/d最为常见;14篇文献中用药剂量以厚1mm(71.43%)最为普遍,给药后以轻揉3~5min较为普遍(45.83%);用药疗程则视疾病而定。此外,中药外用虽安全性高,但在使用过程中仍应注意不良反应的发生。结论:中药乳膏剂应用广泛、疗效确切,但在临床应用中主观性强,各环节缺少科学标准,因此在充分了解中药乳膏剂临床应用技术特点的基础上,规范中药乳膏剂外用技术是必然的发展趋势。

Objective:To analyze the technical characteristics of clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)ointments,to guide clinical application,to promote the establishment of technical specifications for clinical application of TCM ointments.Methods:With’ointments’as the theme,the clinical research literature on external application of TCM ointments on CNKI was searched,with the time range of’1 st January 1956 to 30 th Marth 2019’.This paper summarized the external application techniques in literature,such as disease classification,matrix distribution,dosage,et al,and summarized the matters needing attention,adverse reactions,and countermeasures for external application.Results:A total of 148 Literatures were analysed.Cream was the most widely used in dermatology(126 Literatures,85.14%).Water-in-oil matrix was widely used(83.13%).2 times/day was the most common medication frequency.The most common dosage was 1 mm(71.43%)in thickness,it was more common to use gentleness for 3~5 minutes after administration(45.83%);the course of treatment depended on the disease.In addition,although the external use of traditional Chinese medicine was safe,we should pay attention to the occurrence of adverse reactions.Conclusion:The application of TCM ointements is extensive and the curative effect is definite,but in clinical application the subjectivity is strong,each link lacks the scientific standard.Therefore,based on fully understanding the characteristics of clinical application technology of TCM cream,it is an inevitable trend to standardize the external application technology of TCM ointments.