新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情人群的情绪反应、认知变化和行为应对调查

Emotional response,cognitive change and behavioral coping among Chinese population during the COVID-19 outbreak

目的:在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发期间,调查人群的情绪反应、认知变化和行为应对方式,系统评估此次疫情人群心理健康状况,为采取相应的健康教育与心理干预提供参考依据。方法:在疫情爆发阶段,通过设计调查问卷及相应心理量表,采用网络平台对全国各地区受影响人群进行问卷调查。结果:调查对象青中年占98.8%,文化程度较高。95.9%的人健康状况良好。影响心情的主要因素是出行受限(66.2%)、信息良莠不齐(48.9%)。医务工作者主要压力来源包括COVID-19传染性强(71.9%)、缺乏特效疗法(52.3%)及亲友的担心(42.2%)。逐步回归结果表明应对方式对心理反应有显著预测力,积极应对与心理反应呈负相关,消极应对与心理反应呈正相关。各年龄段抑郁(F=52.51,P<0.001)、焦虑(F=24.13,P<0.001)及恐惧(F=45.32,P<0.001)得分高于常模,其中19~35周岁各因子得分高于其他年龄段。不同受教育程度的抑郁(F=32.00,P<0.001)、焦虑(F=13.27,P<0.001)、恐惧(F=34.23,P<0.001)和偏执因子(F=2.86,P=0.02)均高于常模,积极应对得分(F=25.58,P<0.001)、消极应对(F=60.58,P<0.001)与常模比较均有统计学意义,本科和研究生以上学历表现出较好的心理反应和积极应对。医务工作者和群众的抑郁(F=64.00,P<0.001)、焦虑(F=26.69,P<0.001)、恐惧(F=66.32,P<0.001)及偏执(F=3.93,P=0.02)得分高于常模,积极应对(F=37.08,P<0.001)和消极应对(F=124.45,P<0.001)得分低于常模,医务工作者的心理反应和积极应对比群众好。结论:疫情期间人群的心理状态受到疫情的影响,普遍出现了焦虑,抑郁和恐慌的情绪,且伴有轻度强迫。在疫情的影响下,受教育程度高的人群心理状态较好,医务工作者仍能保持着较好的心理状态。疫情期间应关注人群的心理健康,加强心理疏导。

Objective:To analyze the changes in emotional response,cognitive change and behavioral coping of population following the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019,and to conduct a systematic assessment of their mental health status.In order to provide reference for health education and psychological intervention.Methods:During the outbreak stage,a survey was conducted on the affected people in China through an online platform,including psychological response and behavioral coping.Results:Most of the participants were young and middle-aged(98.8%),with a higher level of education.The majority of the people was health(95.9%).The main factors affecting the mood of people were grounded in the house(66.2%)and the false information and rumors(48.9%).The analysis of medical workers showed that the high infectivity of COVID-19 was the main stressor(71.9%),followed by the lack of specific therapy(52.3%)and the concern of relatives and friends for their safety(42.2%).The results of stepwise regression showed that behavioral coping had significant predictive power to psychological response.The scores of depression(F=52.51,P<0.001),anxiety(F=24.13,P<0.001)and panic(F=45.32,P<0.001)in all age groups were higher than those of the norm.The scores of depression(F=32.00,P=0.001),anxiety(F=13.27,P=0.001),fear(F=34.23,P=0.001)and paranoia(F=2.86,P=0.02)in different levels of education were all higher than the norm,and the scores of positive coping(F=25.58,P=0.001)and negative coping(F=60.58,P=0.001)were statistically significant different compared with the norm.The people with bachelor degree or above had better psychological reaction and positive coping.The scores of depression(F=64.00,P<0.001),anxiety(F=26.69,P<0.001),panic(F=66.32,P<0.001)and paranoia(F=3.93,P<0.05)in medical workers and public were higher than those of norm,the scores of positive coping(F=37.08,P<0.001)and negative coping(F=124.45,P<0.001)were lower than the norm.Conclusion:The mental health of the people has been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 in China,with widespread anxiety,depression and panic,accompanied by mild obsessive-compulsive.The psychological state of people with higher education is better than those with lower education.The medical workers can maintain a better psychological state under the high pressure of the epidemic.Thus,we should pay attention to mental health and strengthen psychological counseling of people during the epidemic,to reduce their psychological burden.