摘要
目的:在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发期间,调查人群的情绪反应、认知变化和行为应对方式,系统评估此次疫情人群心理健康状况,为采取相应的健康教育与心理干预提供参考依据。方法:在疫情爆发阶段,通过设计调查问卷及相应心理量表,采用网络平台对全国各地区受影响人群进行问卷调查。结果:调查对象青中年占98.8%,文化程度较高。95.9%的人健康状况良好。影响心情的主要因素是出行受限(66.2%)、信息良莠不齐(48.9%)。医务工作者主要压力来源包括COVID-19传染性强(71.9%)、缺乏特效疗法(52.3%)及亲友的担心(42.2%)。逐步回归结果表明应对方式对心理反应有显著预测力,积极应对与心理反应呈负相关,消极应对与心理反应呈正相关。各年龄段抑郁(F=52.51,P<0.001)、焦虑(F=24.13,P<0.001)及恐惧(F=45.32,P<0.001)得分高于常模,其中19~35周岁各因子得分高于其他年龄段。不同受教育程度的抑郁(F=32.00,P<0.001)、焦虑(F=13.27,P<0.001)、恐惧(F=34.23,P<0.001)和偏执因子(F=2.86,P=0.02)均高于常模,积极应对得分(F=25.58,P<0.001)、消极应对(F=60.58,P<0.001)与常模比较均有统计学意义,本科和研究生以上学历表现出较好的心理反应和积极应对。医务工作者和群众的抑郁(F=64.00,P<0.001)、焦虑(F=26.69,P<0.001)、恐惧(F=66.32,P<0.001)及偏执(F=3.93,P=0.02)得分高于常模,积极应对(F=37.08,P<0.001)和消极应对(F=124.45,P<0.001)得分低于常模,医务工作者的心理反应和积极应对比群众好。结论:疫情期间人群的心理状态受到疫情的影响,普遍出现了焦虑,抑郁和恐慌的情绪,且伴有轻度强迫。在疫情的影响下,受教育程度高的人群心理状态较好,医务工作者仍能保持着较好的心理状态。疫情期间应关注人群的心理健康,加强心理疏导。
Objective:To analyze the changes in emotional response,cognitive change and behavioral coping of population following the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019,and to conduct a systematic assessment of their mental health status.In order to provide reference for health education and psychological intervention.Methods:During the outbreak stage,a survey was conducted on the affected people in China through an online platform,including psychological response and behavioral coping.Results:Most of the participants were young and middle-aged(98.8%),with a higher level of education.The majority of the people was health(95.9%).The main factors affecting the mood of people were grounded in the house(66.2%)and the false information and rumors(48.9%).The analysis of medical workers showed that the high infectivity of COVID-19 was the main stressor(71.9%),followed by the lack of specific therapy(52.3%)and the concern of relatives and friends for their safety(42.2%).The results of stepwise regression showed that behavioral coping had significant predictive power to psychological response.The scores of depression(F=52.51,P<0.001),anxiety(F=24.13,P<0.001)and panic(F=45.32,P<0.001)in all age groups were higher than those of the norm.The scores of depression(F=32.00,P=0.001),anxiety(F=13.27,P=0.001),fear(F=34.23,P=0.001)and paranoia(F=2.86,P=0.02)in different levels of education were all higher than the norm,and the scores of positive coping(F=25.58,P=0.001)and negative coping(F=60.58,P=0.001)were statistically significant different compared with the norm.The people with bachelor degree or above had better psychological reaction and positive coping.The scores of depression(F=64.00,P<0.001),anxiety(F=26.69,P<0.001),panic(F=66.32,P<0.001)and paranoia(F=3.93,P<0.05)in medical workers and public were higher than those of norm,the scores of positive coping(F=37.08,P<0.001)and negative coping(F=124.45,P<0.001)were lower than the norm.Conclusion:The mental health of the people has been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 in China,with widespread anxiety,depression and panic,accompanied by mild obsessive-compulsive.The psychological state of people with higher education is better than those with lower education.The medical workers can maintain a better psychological state under the high pressure of the epidemic.Thus,we should pay attention to mental health and strengthen psychological counseling of people during the epidemic,to reduce their psychological burden.
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
2020年第11期1640-1646,共7页
China Journal of Health Psychology
基金
广东省自然科学基金资助(编号:2019A1515010891)。