新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情早期大学生的情绪状态、发展趋势、来源及影响

Emotional status of college students,its trend,sources and outcome during the early stage of COVID-19

目的:观察大学生在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情早期的情绪状况、发展趋势、来源及影响,为有关部门制定大学生在公共突发事件中的心理干预决策、开展有效的情绪引导和心理干预工作提供实证依据。方法:2020年2月1日至2月20日间通过线上平台,采用自制一般情况调查问卷、情绪调节问卷和伯克利情绪表达性问卷对全国33个省市自治区的11320名大学生进行连续调查。结果:大学生在疫情早期以高兴情绪为主,但紧张、愤怒、难过和害怕4种负面情绪较普遍。表达抑制策略与紧张(r=0.03,P=0.004)、愤怒(r=0.05,P<0.001)、难过(r=0.07,P<0.001)和害怕(r=0.04,P<0.001)呈正相关,与高兴呈负相关(r=-0.07,P<0.001);认知重评策略与愤怒呈负相关(r=-0.04,P<0.001),与高兴呈正相关(r=0.07,P<0.001);情绪表达的3个维度与5种情绪均呈显著正相关(r=0.04~0.14,P<0.001)。逃避行为倾向和躯体反应会随着负面情绪水平的提高而增多。大学生的负面情绪整体呈缓慢下降的趋势,高兴情绪则相对稳定。结论:大学生在疫情期间以高兴情绪为主,但存在一定程度的负性情绪,情绪由多种原因导致且受风险认知、情绪调节、情绪表达等因素影响,随着疫情的逐步控制,负面情绪水平逐渐下降。大学生心理健康的支持和服务工作需持续进行,引导他们树立正确的疫情认知,进行合理的情绪调节和表达。

Objective:To observe the emotional status of college students,trend,sources and influence during the early stage of COVID-19.The results help government and society to make the psychological intervention decisions for college students in public emergencies and to carry out effective emotional guidance and psychological aid.Methods:A total of 11320 college students from 33 provinces and autonomous regions took part in this anonymous online survey,with a self-made general questionnaire,Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire from February 1 st,2020 to February 20 th,2020.Results:Most college students were in a happy mood,but negative emotions were common.Expressive suppression was significantly positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.03,P=0.004),anger(r=0.05,P<0.001),sadness(r=0.07,P<0.001),and fear(r=0.04,P<0.001),while negatively correlated with happy emotions(r=-0.07,P<0.001).Cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with anger(r=-0.04,P<0.001),positively correlated with happy emotions(r=0.07,P<0.001).The three dimensions of emotional expression were positively correlated with all the emotions(r=0.04~0.14,P<0.001).Avoidance behavior tendency and physical function disturbance increased with the increasing negative emotions.The negative emotions of college students showed a slow downward trend,while the happy emotions remained relatively stable.Conclusion:During the COVID-19,main emotion of college students is happy,but they also experience a certain degree of negative emotions.Emotions were caused by a variety of causes and were affected by risk perception,emotional regulation,emotional expression and other factors.With the gradual control of the epidemic,the level of negative emotions gradually declined.The support and service work of college students’mental health should be carried out continuously to guide them to establish correct cognition of the epidemic situation and to carry out reasonable emotional regulation and expression.