南京市麻风病治愈存活者的生存现状调查

Investigation of the survival status of cured leprosy survivors in Nanjing

目的了解南京市麻风病治愈存活者的生存现状,为麻风治愈存活者预防畸残及康复医疗提供参考依据。方法对南京市麻风村内外麻风病治愈存活者开展现况研究。结果南京市麻风病治愈存活者352例,其中麻风村内治愈存活者47例,麻风村外治愈存活者305例。男女性别比为2.55∶1。南京市治愈存活者总体趋势偏老龄化,平均年龄(71.05±6.34)岁。治愈存活者文化程度普通偏低,农民占67.05%,单身比例38.35%,2级畸残率45.74%。麻风村内治愈存活者和麻风村外治愈存活者在生活自理能力、劳动能力、人均年收入以及慢性病患病情况方面进行比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=18.50,P<0.001;χ^2=23.79,P<0.001;χ^2=84.09,P<0.001;χ^2=36.77,P<0.001)。182例拥有新农合,114例拥有城镇居民医保。麻风病确诊时限越久,判愈时间越长,治愈存活者的畸残级别越严重(χ^2=30.24,P<0.001;χ^2=35.73,P<0.001),劳动能力越弱(χ^2=35.27,P<0.001;χ^2=11.77,P<0.001)。结论南京市麻风病治愈存活者生存质量有待提高,政府部门和社会有关团体应从诊断能力、医疗保险、畸残康复、人文关怀等方面加大扶持力度,提升这一弱势群体的生存质量。

Objective To investigate the survival status of cured leprosy survivors in Nanjing so as to provide a reference for the prevention of deformity and rehabilitation medical of them.Methods A prevalence study was conducted on the cured survivors of leprosy in and out of leprosy village in Nanjing.Results Among 352 leprosy survivors in Nanjing,47 were inside the villages and 305 lived outside.The male-to-female ratio was 2.55∶1.The general aging tendency of leprosy survivors was obvious,with an average age of(71.05±6.34)years old.The educational level of cured survivors was generally low,among which,fFarmers accounted for 67.05%.The single survivors accounted for 38.35%.And 45.74%of survivors were with level-2 disability.There were statistically significant differences in self-care ability,labor capability,per capita annual income and chronic diseases between survivors living inside the leprosy villages and those living outside(χ^2=18.50,P<0.001;χ^2=23.79,P<0.001;χ^2=84.09,P<0.001;χ^2=36.77,P<0.001).Totally 182 survivors joined the new rural cooperative medical system and 114 survivors had medical insurance for urban residents.The longer the time limit for diagnosis and the course of disease were,the more serious the disability(χ^2=30.24,P<0.001;χ^2=35.73,P<0.001)and the weaker the labor capability of the survivors would be(χ^2=35.27,P<0.001;χ^2=11.77,P<0.001).Conclusion The life quality of the leprosy survivors needs to be improved in Nanjing.In order to improve the life quality of disadvantaged groups,the government departments and relevant social organizations should increase support in terms of diagnostic ability,medical insurance,disability rehabilitation,humanistic care and so on.