新生儿家长对五价轮状病毒疫苗知识知晓率及影响因素

Awareness rate of pentavalent Rotavirus vaccine among parents of newborns and influencing factors

目的了解新生儿家长对五价轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)疫苗知识知晓率及影响因素,为开展五价RV疫苗相关知识护理宣教提供参考依据。方法采用简单随机抽样方法,于2019年1~6月在北京协和医院儿科抽取328名新生儿家长作为研究对象,采用自行设计的五价RV疫苗知识调查表对其进行调查分析。结果328名新生儿家长中五价RV疫苗知识得分8分为124人,知晓率为37.80%(124/328);五价RV疫苗知识条目回答正确率居前三位的分别为:"五价RV疫苗接种3剂次"、"接种五价RV疫苗预防疾病"、"五价RV疫苗接种途径为口服",回答正确率分别为58.54%、55.79%、52.13%;五价RV疫苗知识条目回答正确率居后三位的分别为:"接种五价RV疫苗可能有哪些副作用?"、"五价RV疫苗可以与其它疫苗同时接种吗?"、"新的五价RV疫苗哪些婴幼儿不能接种?",回答正确率分别为15.85%、17.07%、19.51%;Logistic回归分析结果显示:文化程度(OR=4.17,95%CI:2.25~7.73)、居住地(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.39~3.58)、子女数(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.37~3.02)、家庭人均月收入(OR=3.08,95%CI:1.34~7.08)等是新生儿家长五价RV疫苗知识的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论新生儿家长对五价RV疫苗相关知识知晓率较低,应加强对新生儿家长的健康护理宣教,尤其是文化程度低、居住地为农村、子女数少、家庭人均月收入低的新生儿家长。

Objective To understand the awareness rate of pentavalent Rotavirus(RV)vaccine in parents of newborns and its influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for nursing education on pentavalent RV vaccine.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to select 328 parents of newborns from Pediatrics Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January to June 2019.The self-designed questionnaire of pentavalent RV vaccine was used for investigation and analysis.Results Among 328 parents of newborns,124 parents had a score of 8 in the knowledge of pentavalent RV vaccine,with an awareness rate of 37.80%(124/328).The knowledge items of pentavalent RV vaccine which had the top three correct answers were:"Pentavalent RV vaccine should be vaccinated for three times","The vaccination of pentavalent RV vaccine can prevent diseases"and"The vaccination method of pentavalent RV vaccine is oral".The correct rates of the answers were 58.54%,55.79%and 52.13%,respectively.The knowledge items of pentavalent RV vaccine which had the last three correct answers were:"What side effects of the vaccination of pentavalent RV vaccine?","Can pentavalent RV vaccines be administered simultaneously with other vaccines?","Which kind of infants and young children can′t be vaccinated with the new pentavalent RV vaccine?""The correct rates of the answers were 15.85%,17.07%and 19.51%,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that:education level(OR=4.17,95%CI:2.25~7.73),residence(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.39~3.58),number of children(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.37~3.02),per capita monthly income of family(OR=3.08,95%CI:1.34~7.08)were influencing factors for the awareness rate of pentavalent RV vaccine in parents of newborns(P<0.05).Conclusion Parents of newborn babies have a low awareness of the knowledge of pentavalent RV vaccine.Health care education should be strengthened for parents of newborn babies,especially those who are with low educational level,live in rural areas,have small number of children and low per capita monthly income.