埃德蒙·威尔逊的社会文化批评

Edmund Wilson’s Social and Cultural Criticism

美国批评家埃德蒙·威尔逊的社会文化批评从意识形态、道德、政治和文化等角度切入。本文从三个方面对此批评进行剖析。首先,对意识形态和人本质特征进行追问。美国政府让人被迫接受某种意识形态,参与战争,实质上是绑架了道德,背离了解放和自由,这表现了人本质的社会性与类属性,其社会文化批评是文艺意识形态反作用的实践性行动。其次,多元视角切入表现艺术美的本真属性,证明“文化意味着社会活动的全部”。最后,文艺创作需要历史行动与社会行动,作家与社会保持紧密关系,是“完美平衡”美学观的体现。

Edmund Wilson’s social and cultural criticism often starts from the angles of ideology,morality,politics and culture.First,his criticism aims at questioning the ideology and human nature.The U.S.government forces people to accept a certain ideology and participate in war,which indeed abducts morality and deviates from liberation and freedom.This manifests the social attribute and class attribute of human essence.His social and cultural criticism is a practical action of literary ideology reaction.Secondly,the true attributes of artistic beauty is discussed in multiple perspectives,which proves that“culture means all social activities”.Finally,it is proposed that literary creation requires historical action and social action.Writers maintain close relationship with society is the embodiment of the aesthetic view of the“perfect balance”.