我国耕地保护政策研究:基于背景、效果与未来趋势

CULTIVATED LAND PROTECTION POLICY IN CHINA:BACKGROUND,EFFECT AND FUTURE TRENDS

[目的]我国耕地保护政策对保护耕地、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。研究我国耕地保护政策出台的背景及前后关系、相同政策在不同区域内的执行效果差异,能够为更针对性地提出政策建议提供参考。[方法]主要运用了资料分析和定性描述的方法,首先按照耕地保护政策内涵划分为5个阶段,其次从时间、空间两个尺度,判断了耕地保护政策的数量、质量保护效果差异,最后提出了未来政策出台的方向和趋势。[结果]时间尺度上:1986年、1997年、2004年出台的政策对耕地数量保护的成效明显;2014—2016年耕地质量保护效果略优于2009—2014年;目前数量保护成效较好,但质量保护远未达到要求。空间尺度上:耕地数量保护效果西部地区最好,东北地区次之,中部地区优于东部地区;耕地质量保护效果中部地区最佳,东北地区次之,东部地区优于西部地区。[结论]未来政策可向规范补充耕地全国统筹、完善耕地质量保护法律体系、调动农户保护耕地积极性等方向发展。

The cultivated land protection policy in China is of great significance to cultivated land protection and food security.The purposes of this paper are to study the background and context of cultivated land protection policy in China,and analyze the differences of policy implementation effect in different regions,so as to provide reference for more targeted policy recommendations.The methods of date analysis and qualitative description were applied.Firstly,the development of cultivated land policy was divided into five stages according to its connotation.Secondly,the quantity and quality of cultivated land protection policy were judged from both time scale and space scale respectively.Finally,the directions and trends of future policy were put forward.The results of this paper are as follows.On the time scale:(1)Cultivated land policies which introduced in 1986,1997 and 2004 had achieved obvious effects on quantity protection.(2)The effect of cultivated land quality protection in 2014-2016 was slightly better than that in 2009-2014.(3)At present,the effect of cultivated land quantity protection was ideal,but the effect of cultivated land quality protection needed to be strengthened.On the space scale:(1)The order of cultivated land quantity protection effect was the western region,the northeast region,the central region and the eastern region.(2)The quantity of cultivated land quality protection effect was good in the central region,followed by the northeast region,the eastern region and the western region.In the future,cultivated land protection policy in China should be developed in the direction of standardizing the requisition-compensation balance among regions,improving the legal system of cultivated land quality protection,and mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to protect cultivated land.