中外女性主义法学之差异的性别平等——理论优势与现实障碍

Gender Difference Equality in Chinese and Foreign Feminist Jurisprudence:Theoretical Advantages and Practical Obstacles

女性主义法学最早产生于20世纪60年代的美国,从其诞生的那天起就和“平等”脱不开关系。自清末以来,西方的女性主义思想随着其他的现代性思想一同被引入中国。时至今日,我国的女性主义法学在历经了与西方不同的发展路径之后,已然具备了某些“中国特色”。然而,作为女性主义法学的核心之一,性别平等话题始终处于理论研究的前沿阵地。总的来说,女性主义对于差异命题的理解经历了三次大的理论转变。相应地,女性主义法学中的平等也历经了三个不同的历史阶段。差异平等为何没能把性别法律关系引向实质平等的“目的地”,反而被后来的反本质主义吸引,丢掉了女性主义法学在性别平等问题上的核心领地,这恐怕要归因于差异平等与生俱来的现实障碍。

Feminist jurisprudence originated in the United States in the 1960s.Since its birth,it has been closely related to“equality”.Since the late Qing Dynasty,western feminism has been introducing into China along with other modern thoughts.Up to now,feminist jurisprudence in China has acquired some“Chinese characteristics”different from development paths in the West.However,as the core of feminist jurisprudence,gender equality is always at the forefront of theoretical research.Generally speaking,feminist understanding of the difference proposition has experienced three major theoretical changes.Accordingly,equality in feminist jurisprudence has gone through three different historical stages.The reason why the difference equality failed to lead the gender legal relationship to the“destination”of substantive equality was attracted by the later anti-essentialism and lost the proper territory of feminist law in the issue of gender equality,which may be attributed to the inherent practical obstacles of difference equality.