“家庭”的时空演化:工业社会转型下家庭转变的历史解读

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of“Family”:A Historical Interpretation of Family Changes under the Industrial Transformation

家庭转变是21世纪初社会所面临许多重要问题中的一个争议焦点。在绝大多数工业国家共同迈入老龄社会的背景下,家庭往往成为所有社会制度改革的核心,对它的认识和意义的探究至关重要。研究以家庭的概念化建构和现代家庭转变的多样化现实为依据,从制度结构、婚姻、亲密关系等多个角度,就工业社会转型中家庭形式的历时转变进行表征描述与趋势分析。今天的家庭多元化与过去有所不同,这种不同既由婚姻制度和性别之间的关系发生深刻变化而产生,也由个体自主权和归属感之间出现了新的平衡而促成。同时,家庭的变化伴随着观念的变化,也反映了私人和家庭生活领域中的个体自治,特别是在社会性别关系中的自由选择和自我建设趋向。

Key family change has been a controversial issue for many societies since the early 21st century.When most industrial countries are heading into aging societies,families are the center of virtually all social reforms,making the related research especially significant.Based conceptualization and modernization of families,this study analyzes diachronic transformation of family norms from aspects of social structure,marriage,intimate relationship,etc.Today,families are pluralistic and quite different from the old norms.Such difference is affected by profound changes in marriage and gender,and also resulted from a new balance between individual autonomy and sense of belonging.Meanwhile,changes in family norms come along with changes in concepts,reflecting the individualism in private and family life and the tendency for free choice and self-development in social gender relations.