程颢、程颐论“王道”与“治道”及其现代意义

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s Discussion on the“Kingly Way”and“Governance”and Their Significance in the Contemporary

程颢、程颐的政治思想,首先着眼于君主心术的本源。较之兵刑法律制度的改进、财政税收与行政效率的提升,"正君心"更为彻底,也更为重要。他们所诠释的王道政治之所以能够也必须占据首要地位,乃是因为它本身是天理之秩序与命令。王道政治是政治人物对内在秉性的自觉呼应,遵循天理以贯彻王道政治,既是外王事业之体现,也是内圣工夫之要求。因而,王道政治应是圣王以"纯王之心"行"纯王之政"。与此同时,二程也探索治国理政的具体路径,不排斥强制性规训力量对社会的管控作用。众多的现实政治问题迫使他们不得不作出符合时代的思考,而不是简单地从复古的方案中寻找现成的答案。二程学说通过"元丰九先生"而传播两浙,下开南宋永嘉学派之先河,浙学的渊源来自洛学。二程的人治思想体现着一种对道德的执着认同,在今天"依法治国"和"以德治国"的语境中,依然有其独特意义。

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s political thoughts focus on the first place on the origin of the monarch’s mind.Compared with the improvement of the military and criminal legal system,as well as that of fiscal and taxation and administrative efficiency,"rectifying the monarch’s mind"is more thorough and more important.The kingly politics they interpret can and must occupy the primary position,because it is the order and command of the heavenly principle.Kingly politics is the conscious response of the politicians to their inner nature.Following the heavenly principle to implement kingly politics is not only the manifestation of the cause of the"outer king",but also the requirement of the"inner saint".Therefore,kingly politics should conduct"pure kingly governance"by the saint king with"pure kingly heart".At the same time,the Cheng brothers also explored specific ways to govern the country and did not exclude the role of compulsory discipline forces in controlling the society.Numerous political issues forced them to think in line with the times,rather than simply looking for ready-made answers from ancient schemes.The theory of the Cheng brothers spread through the"nine misters of the Yuanfeng period"in Zhejiang and Jiangxi,acting as the precedent of the Yongjia School of the Southern Song Dynasty.The origin of the Zhe-studies comes from the Luo-studies.The Cheng brothers’thoughts of the rule of man embodies a persistent identification with morality and it still has its unique meaning in the contemporary context of"rule by law"and"rule by virtue".