中小企业数字化转型障碍、驱动因素及路径依赖——基于对377家第三产业中小企业的调查

Obstacles,Driving Factors and Path Dependence of Digital Transformation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises——An Investigation Based on the Survey of 377 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Tertiary Industry

数字技术推动下,我国数字经济飞速发展,在经济与社会中的地位越来越高。中小企业作为我国经济与就业的重要力量,受新冠肺炎疫情冲击巨大,研究中小企业数字化转型对中小企业疫情后纾困与发展以及推动我国数字经济发展具有重要现实意义。采用问卷调研法,选取377家第三产业中小企业实际负责人,从企业经营中面临的困难、数字技术应用、数字化转型效用、数字化转型驱动因素等11个问题入手,调查我国中小企业数字化转型现状、问题及政策诉求等。调研结果表明,我国中小企业普遍存在数字化转型思维匮乏、数字化基础薄弱、数字化转型障碍较大等问题。基于企业发展阶段、所在地区、规模等不同维度对中小企业进行的分类统计表明,在经营中面临的困难、数字化转型效用、数字化转型现状、数字技术应用、数字化转型驱动因素及政策诉求等方面,不同类型中小企业与总样本存在显著差异,不同类型中小企业之间也存在显著差异;满足市场需求、提高生产效率及大幅降低成本是中小企业进行数字化转型的驱动因素,但不同类型中小企业之间存在差异。为有效推动我国中小企业数字化转型,建议立足中小企业对数字化转型的政策诉求,充分发挥政府部门的引导与政策扶持作用,加快新型基础设施建设,为中小企业提供更加牢固的数字化转型基础;构建数字化平台与网络,打造跨产业、跨环节的数字化协同体系,打通中小企业数字化转型路径,助推中小企业数字化转型发展。

Driven by digital technology,China’s digital economy is developing rapidly,and its status in economy and society is getting higher and higher.Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),an important force in China’s economy and employment,are hit by COVID-19.The research on the digital transformation of SMEs is of great practical significance to the relief and development of SMEs after the epidemic and to the promotion of China’s digital economy development.The author uses questionnaire survey method,selects 377 actual directors of SMEs in the tertiary industry,and investigates the current situation,problems and policy demands of digital transformation of SMEs from 11 problems,such as difficulties in enterprise operation,application of digital technology,effectiveness of digital transformation and driving factors of digital transformation.The research results show that there are many problems in China’s SMEs,such as the lack of digital transformation thinking,weak digital foundation,and large obstacles in digital transformation.The classified statistics of SMEs based on different dimensions of enterprise development stage,region and scale show that:there are significant differences between different types of SMEs and the total sample in terms of difficulties in operation,effectiveness of digital transformation,status quo of digital transformation,application of digital technology,driving factors of digital transformation and policy demands;and meeting the market demand,improving production efficiency and significantly reducing costs are the driving factors for SMEs to carry out digital transformation,but there are differences among different types of SMEs.In order to effectively promote the digital transformation of SMEs in China,the author suggests that,based on the policy demands of SMEs for digital transformation,we should give full play to the guidance and policy support role of government departments,accelerate the construction of new infrastructure,and provide more solid digital transformation foundation for SMEs.And the author also thinks that we should build a digital platform and network,build a cross-industry and cross-link digital collaborative system,open up the path of digital transformation of SMEs,and boost the development of digital transformation of SMEs.