学位撤销期间程序制度研究——以《学位条例》第17条的修订为中心

Study on the Procedure System of Degree Revocation Period: Focus on the Amendment of Article 17 of the Degrees Ordinance

《学位条例》第17条规定学位撤销,在法律属性上属于纠错性行政权力,在行为类型上应为未型式化的授益行政行为,因而必须实现程序法治化。通过比较公法和私法、实体法和程序法上的撤销制度逻辑,学位撤销权应当受到撤销期间程序制度的限制。学位撤销期间程序制度有助于提升学位行政管理执法效力,有助于限制学位撤销权的滥用,有助于维护学位秩序的安定性利益,有助于保护相对人的合理信赖利益,因而具备充分的立法正当性和必要性。具体来说,主观撤销期间为2年,自启动学位撤销调查程序之日起算;客观撤销期间为20年,自学位授予行为作出之日时起算,不论何者期间届满都将产生学位撤销权消灭的法律后果。

Article 17 of the Regulations on Academic Degrees stipulates that the revocation of academic degrees is a corrective administrative power in terms of legal attributes, and should be an unformatted administrative act of granting benefits in terms of the type of behavior. Therefore, the rule of law must be realized. By comparing the logic of the revocation system in public law and private law, substantive law and procedural law, the degree revocation right should be restricted by the procedural system during the revocation period. The procedural system during the degree revocation period helps to enhance the effectiveness of degree administrative management and law enforcement, helps to limit the abuse of degree revocation power, helps maintain the stability of the degree order,and helps protect the reasonable trust interests of the counterparty, therefore, it has sufficient legislative legitimacy and necessity. Specifically, the subjective revocation period is 2 years, counted from the date of initiation of the degree revocation investigation procedure;the objective revocation period is 20 years, counted from the date when the degree-granting behavior is made, no matter what period expires, the degree revocation power will be legally eliminated.