单粒精播对花生生物学特性的影响

Effects of single seed sowing on biological characteristics of peanut

为探究花生单粒精播增产的生物学基础,以普通大花生品种花育25号为试验材料,在杂交池行距一致的条件下设置单粒精播(SS,穴距10cm)、双粒穴播(DS,穴距20cm)和三粒穴播(TS,穴距20cm)三个处理,研究不同播种方式下花生的开花动态和总花量、下针数量和结果数量,以及植株性状和植株干物质重等指标的差异。结果表明:SS处理开花时间要比DS和TS早1~2d,进入盛花期早2~4d,SS的单株单日开花量最高为11.0朵,且在花期前段的单日花量多,单株总花量达到168.5朵,显著高于DS和TS处理。SS处理单株成针数和入土果针数显著高于DS和TS处理,单位面积总成针数和总入土果针数显著高于DS处理。SS处理的单株结果数尤其是单株饱果数和第一对侧枝结果数均显著高于DS和TS处理,单位面积饱果数增多是其提高产量的主要因素。SS处理的主茎高和侧枝长最小,植株最矮,其次为DS处理,TS的植株高度最大,但SS的分枝数和主茎节数均显著高于DS和TS,利于矮化壮株。SS处理单株叶干重、茎干重和果干重均显著高于DS和TS,单位面积的茎、叶和果干重显著高于DS处理。单粒精播植株均匀分布可降低株间竞争,有利于充分发挥单株生产潜力。

The objective of this study was to elucidate the biological basis of single seed sowing for increasing production.Selecting Huayu 25 as test material,three treatments as SS(Single seed sowing,hole spacing of 10 cm),DS(Double seed sowing,hole spacing of 20 cm)and TS(Three seed sowing,hole spacing of 20 cm)were set to re⁃search the differences of flowering dynamics,total flowers,number of needles and fruit,plant characteristics and dry matter weight of peanut in different sowing methods.The results showed that the primary flowering stage of SS treat⁃ment was 1-2 days earlier than that of DS and TS,and full flowering stage was 2-4 days earlier than that of DS and TS.The flowering number of single plant of SS was up to 11.0 per day,and at the early stage of the whole flowering period,the flowering number per day was large.The total flower number of a single plant of SS could reach 168.5,which was significantly higher than that of DS and TS.The number of pods per plant,especially the number of full pods per plant and the pod number per first pair lateral branch of SS were significantly higher than those in DS and TS,and the increase of full pod per unit area was the main reason for the increase of yield.The peanut of SS had the lowest main stem height and lateral branch length,and the plant of TS had the highest height,but the branch num⁃ber and main stem node number of SS were significantly higher than DS and TS,which was conducive to dwarf and strong plants.The dry weight of stem,leaf and pod per plant of SS was significantly higher than that of DS and TS,and the dry weight of stem,leaf and pod per unit area of SS was significantly higher than that of DS treatment.There⁃fore,the uniform distribution of single seed sowing plants could reduce the competition among plants and help to give full play to the production potential of single plant.