单粒精播密度对花生冠层结构及产量的影响

Effect of different density on canopy structure and pod yield of peanut under single seed precision sowing

为探明密度对单粒精播花生群体冠层结构及产量的影响,大田条件下,以花育22为供试花生品种,设置每穴单粒和双粒2种播种方式,9万穴/hm2(D1)、12万穴/hm2(D2)和15万穴/hm2(D3)3个种植密度,研究了密度对花生冠层透光率、冠层叶面积系数、叶片干重及农艺性状的影响。结果表明,随密度的增加,冠层中下部的透光率降低,单粒播冠层透光率大于双粒播。D1密度下,花生冠层中上部的叶面积系数、叶片干重单粒播低于双粒播,冠层中下部高于双粒播,而D2和D3密度条件下,冠层叶面积系数、叶片干重单粒播与双粒播差异不显著。随密度的增加,花生主茎高、侧枝长和公顷果数显著增加,而单穴果数减少,单粒精播侧枝数多于双粒播。随密度的增加,花生荚果产量呈先升高后降低的趋势,12万穴/hm2的种植密度荚果产量最高,单粒精播花生产量略高于双粒播。总之,合理密植是花生高产的重要措施,与双粒穴播相比,单粒精播花生冠层下部透光率和叶面积系数高,侧枝多、饱果率高,是实现花生高产高效的重要措施。

To explore the effect of density on canopy structure and yield of single seed precision sowing pea⁃nut,two sowing models of single seed and double seeds per hole,three planting densities of 90000 holes/hm2(D1),120000 holes/hm2(D2)and 150000 holes/hm2(D3)were set with Huayu 22 in test fields.Canopy transmittance,canopy leaf area index,leaf dry weight and agronomic traits of peanut at different densities were investigated.The results showed that the light transmittance of the middle and lower parts of the canopy decreased with the increase of the density,and the single seed model was higher than that of the double seeds.Under D1 density,the leaf area index and dry weight of single seed sowing were lower than those of double seed sowing,but the middle and lower part of canopy were higher than that of double seed sowing.However,under the density of D2 and D3,the leaf area index and leaf dry weight of single and double seed sowing had no significant difference.With the increase of densi⁃ty,the main stem height,lateral branch length and the number of fruits per hectare increased significantly,while the number of fruit per hole decreased.The lateral branch number of single seed precision sowing was higher than that of double seed sowing.With the increase of density,the pod yield of peanut increased first and then decreased.The pod yield of 120000 holes/hm2 was the highest,and the yield of single seed precision sowing was slightly higher than that of double seed sowing.In conclusion,rational close planting was an important measure for high yield of peanut.Compared with double seed sowing,single seed precision sowing peanut had higher light transmittance and leaf area index of the lower parts of the canopy,more lateral branches and higher fruit filling rate,which was crucial in high yield and high efficiency of peanut.