苏氨酸对脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭肠道发育和血浆生化指标的影响

Effects of Dietary Threonine on Gut Development and Serum Metabolites in Fatty and Lean Type Pekin Ducks

为研究苏氨酸对15~35日龄脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭肠道发育和血浆生化指标的影响,将500只1日龄雄性北京鸭(250只脂肪型北京鸭和250只瘦肉型北京鸭)饲养于不锈钢笼中(200 cm×100 cm×40 cm)至14日龄。15日龄时,选取192只脂肪型和192只瘦肉型北京鸭,分别随机分配到3个处理中,每个处理8个重复笼,每个重复笼8只试验鸭。试验鸭饲喂玉米-小麦-花生粕基础饲粮,或在基础饲粮中添加0.15%或0.30%苏氨酸的试验饲粮。结果表明:苏氨酸缺乏降低瘦肉型北京鸭体重和屠体重,增加十二指肠、空肠和回肠相对长度(P<0.05),但对脂肪型北京鸭体重、屠体重、十二指肠、空肠和回肠相对长度无影响(P>0.05);饲粮缺乏苏氨酸(0.41%)会增加瘦肉型北京鸭血浆中ALT、CK和LDH活性,以及TP、ALB、GLB、GLU、Ca和CREA浓度(P<0.05),降低脂肪型北京鸭血浆中AST、CK和α-HBDH活性(P<0.05);脂肪型北京鸭血浆中D-BIL浓度和CHE活性高于瘦肉型北京鸭(P<0.05),且苏氨酸缺乏降低北京鸭血浆中D-BIL浓度(P<0.05)。综上所述,苏氨酸缺乏会影响瘦肉型北京鸭生长、肠道发育和血浆生化指标,但对脂肪型北京鸭几乎没有影响,表明脂肪型和瘦肉型北京鸭对饲粮苏氨酸缺乏的响应不同。

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of threonine on body weight, gut development and serum metabolites on fatty and lean type Pekin ducks. At 1 days of age, 250 fatty type Pekin ducks and 250 lean type Pekin ducks were housed in raised wire floor pens(200 cm×100 cm×40 cm) from 1 to 14 days of age, respectively.At 15 days of age, a total of 384 ducks, 192 fatty type and 192 lean type ducks, were selected and were randomly assigned to one of three diets with eight replicate cages of eight birds per cage for each treatment with similar body weight, respectively.Birds were fed with corn-wheat-peanut meal basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.15% and 0.30% crystalline threonine for 21 days from 15 to 35 days of age. The results showed that dietary threonine deficiency reduced body weight, slaughtering weight, and increased the relative weight of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum(P<0.05)in lean type ducks, while had no influence on these indices in fatty type ducks(P>0.05). Dietary threonine deficiency increased serum ALT, CK and LDH activity, and the serum contents of TP, ALB, GLB, GLU, Ca and CREA(P<0.05)in lean type ducks, and reducedserumAST, CK and α-HBDH activity in fatty type ducks(P<0.05). Fatty type ducks had higherserum D-BIL and CHE than that in lean type ducks(P<0.05), and dietary threonine deficiency reduced serum D-BIL in fatty and lean type ducks(P<0.05). In summary, dietary threonine deficiency affected the growth, gut development and serum metabolites in lean type Pekin ducks, but had no influence in fatty type Pekin ducks, which indicated that the lean and fatty type Pekin ducks had differential response to dietary threonine deficiency.